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Material requirements for adapting to climate change in the Maldives
(Research Square, 2026-06-17) Linsmaier, Sabrina; ސަބްރީނާ ލިންޒްމަޔަރް; Choudhary, Charvi; ޗާރްވީ ޗައުދަރީ; Wietschel, Lars; ލާރްސް ވީޗަލް; Azfa, Aisha; އައިޝާ އަޒްފާ; Wiedenhofer, Dominik; ޑޮމިނިކް ވީޑެންހޯފަރ; Mohamed, Shazla; ޝަޒްލާ މުހައްމަދު; Thorenz, Andrea; އަންޑްރެއާ ތޯރެންޒް
Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are on the frontlines of climate change, making
adaptation increasingly urgent. This growing challenge is driving the implementation of
reactive hard engineered adaptation measures, which can be distinguished by two major
strategies: shoreline protection such as breakwaters, groynes, and revetments, and the other by
reclaiming and raising land. While these measures may mitigate the immediate impacts of
climate change, they demand significant quantities of materials - much of which are imported
potentially exacerbating systemic risks and creating long-term lock-in effects.
Herein, we analyze material requirements for climate adaptation in the Maldives from the year
2000 to 2100. The Maldives are a low-lying island nation with ~0.5M inhabitants and an
average height of one meter above sea level, susceptible to rising seas and wave surges. Using
GIS-based material stock and flow analysis, we quantify materials required for the two hard
adaptation strategies: shoreline protection and the reclamation and raising of islands that depend
on large-scale seabed dredging and material imports. Possible future material requirements are
estimated by scenario modelling considering sea level rise (SLR) and political responses.
Results indicate that hard-engineering adaptation projects are highly resource-intensive and
reinforced by further adaptations to rising seas, as well as greater wave exposures. This
escalating cycle of material demand for climate adaptation in the Maldives is driving material
lock-in effects which amplifies economic risk and perpetuate import dependencies.
Asian development outlook : April 2023
(Asian Development Bank, 2023) Asian Development Bank; އޭޝިއަން ޑެވެލޮޕްމެންޓް ބޭންކް
Environmental impacts of tourism and management in Maldives
(International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2013) Kundur, Suresh Kumar; ސުރޭޝް ކުމާރު ކުންދޫރު; Murthy، Krishna; ކުރިޝްނާ މުރުތީ
Quarterly economic bulletin : June 2008
(Maldives Monetary Authority, 2008-06) Maldives Monetary Authority; މޯލްޑިވްސް މަނިޓަރީ އޮތޯރިޓީ
Economic update : February 2021 : volume 3, issue 2
(Maldives Monetary Authority, 2021-02) Maldives Monetary Authority; މޯލްޑިވްސް މޮނެޓެރީ އޮތޯރިޓީ
ހިދާޔަތުގެ އަލި 29
(މިނިސްޓްރީ އޮފް އިސްލާމިކް އެފެއާޒް، ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ, 2025-05-26) ޑރ. މުޙައްމަދު ޝަހީމް ޢަލީ ސަޢީދު; Dr. Muhammadh Shaheem Ali Saeed
ނަމާދާ ބެހޭ ގޮތުން ވާރިދުވެފައިވާ އާޔަތްތައް
(އިސްލާމީކަންތައްތަކާ ބެހޭ ވުޒާރާ، ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ, 2025) އިސްލާމީކަންތައްތަކާ ބެހޭ ވުޒާރާ، ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ; Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Maldives
ހުކުރު ޚުޠުބާ : ދީނަށްޓަކައި ޚިދުމަތްކުރުން
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އިސްލާމީކަންތައްތަކާ ބެހޭ ވުޒާރާ، ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ, 2024-08-23) އިސްލާމީކަންތައްތަކާ ބެހޭ ވުޒާރާ، ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ; Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Maldives
