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Item Annual solar resources report for solar meteorological station after completion of 24 months of measurement(World Bank, 2018-09-26) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem Debt management performance assessment (DeMPA) : Maldives(World Bank, 2019-03) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem Doing business 2014 : comparing business regulation for domestic firms in 189 economies : economic profile Maldives(World Bank, 2014) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem Doing business 2015 : going beyond efficiency : comparing business regulation domestic firms in 189 economics(World Bank, 2015) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem Electronic government procurement : regarding assessment & roadmap : Republic of Maldives May 2007(World Bank, 2007-05) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem Executive summary : energy storage roadmap for the the Maldives(World Bank, 2019) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem Financial inclusion in the Maldives(World Bank, 2019-09) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem Financial inclusion in the Maldives : findex 2018 survey(World Bank, 2019-09) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem FY 2018 Maldives country opiion survey report : public opinion research group .(World Bank, 2018-11) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem Health equity and financial protection datasheet : Maldives(World Bank, 2012) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem Human Capital for a modern society : general education in the Maldives : an seaevolving escape(World Bank, 2012) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem Madhana – the Maldives national health insurance scheme’ : Maldives health policy notes 1(World Bank, 2011-09) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުThe unique geography of Maldives, along with high dependence on imports and expatriate manpower, has meant that health services come at substantially higher costs than other countries in the region. In response, the country has undertaken several reforms in recent years to tbe way in which health is financed. Two of these prominent measures include the creation of seven health service corporations (defined by geographical area of operation) to manage the health facilities earlier directly managed by the Ministry ofHealtb and Family (MOHF), and the introduction of national health insurancescbemes (Madhana, and its variants "Madhana Plus" and "Madhana Basic"). The govel1lment has experienced several challenges as it bas embarked upon the implementation of these initiatives, and has a~·eady made several mid-coLLrse corrections in the Madhana scbeme. The World Bank has begun to engage with the Government to help ensure these initiatives achieve their desired impact This note is an input to that technical engagement, proposing some policy options for consideration. As of March 2011, the social health insurance (SH1) scheme, Madhana, administered by the National Social Protection Agency (NSPA) under the Ministry of Health and Family, covered 77,500 people, which is about 25% of the country's population. The membership is primarily comprised of two large groups- all civil service officials and all senior citizens. The standardMadhana premium for each member is currently 2000 MRF per year (about USD 130), which is fuJly bome by the Govemment for its own officials (though not for the family members of these officials), tor senior citizens and for those living in abject poverty. Voluntary enrolment is offered to individuals willing to pay the prescribed premium (a partial public subsidy is available for voluntarily enrolling citizens earning below 17,000 MRF per year), but only a small propOltion of the population has taken advantage of this opportunity. The scope of Madhana benefits is comprehensive and it covers inpatient and outpatient treatment subject to certain specified exclusions. A few cost control measures have been introduced in the scheme, but need to be expanded or refined. The insurance company acting as an administrator does not bear any risk , and thus lacks incentives to help control costs. Madhana has many challenges to address and also several reform options to pursue. Though not in use presently, use of essential and generic drugs is part of the country's health master plan, and could also achieve substantial cost savings for Madhana. Voluntary enrolment is likely to remain small and highly prone to adverse selection, unless mechanisms to cover families (rather than individuals) and bring in formal sector employees are considered. Also, despite being under the MOHF, not many linkages exist between the scheme and the prevention activities of public health officials. The current design of Mad han a translates into poor internal controls and risk of leakages and cost escalation. This will not only drive increased govenunent expenditnre on the scheme (which the economy can ill-affo rd) but also contribute to spiraling health system costs which will ti.uther reduce financial access to health services. A redesigned Madhana would need to increase the reach of financial protection for health. reduce leakages and moral hazard, prevent cost escalation and build in robust monitoring systems.Item Maldives : Male airport upgrading project(World Bank, 1995-12-28) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem Maldives country snapshot(World Bank, 2014-10) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem Maldives : country snapshot(World Bank, 2014-03) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem Maldives : education and training project(World Bank, 1981) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem Maldives : macro-fiscal context and health financing factsheet(World Bank, 2013) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem Maldives : poverty and inequality in the Maldives(World Bank, 2018-11) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem Maldives : trade at -a-galnce(World Bank, 2008-12) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem The Maldives : trade brief(World Bank, 2006) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem The Maldives World Bank group country program snapshot(World Bank, 2013-09) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem The national payment systems oversight framework for the Maldives Monetary Authority September 2019(World Bank, 2019-09-01) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުA payment system is an arrangement which facilitates the transfer of funds between participants in the system and includes a set of payment instruments, regulations, rules, standards, procedures, infrastructure and institutions relating to clearing and settlement of funds. It therefore incorporates the methods for transmitting payment messages between members, the means to settle claims among members and agreed rules and procedures. Central bank’s/monetary authorities’ oversight of payment and settlement systems is consequently a core objective of its broad responsibility for monetary and financial stability. According to the BIS Core principles for Systematically Important Payment Systems (SIPS), “payment system oversight is a public policy activity principally intended to promote the safety and efficiency of payment systems and to reduce systemic risk’’. This role is significant because the efficient functioning of payment systems allows safe, secure and timely completion of financial transactions and therefore, makes a vital contribution to overall economic performance and financial stability. Oversight of payment systems complements the financial stability work of banking supervision but differs from bank supervision. Mobile payments have gained wider acceptance as an emerging payment method in both advanced and emerging economies. Their rapid diffusion and growth potential have been largely shaped by many factors, including increased deployments worldwide, mobile phone penetration, financial inclusion, and market demand for convenient, faster, and more economical means of payments. Regulatory authorities have been faced with oversight challenges in protecting mobile wallet consumers and the payment system. Such innovations have exposed grey areas in existing laws and regulations and have led to legal reforms and the need to strengthen risk controls in some jurisdictions. They also point to the need to assess and mitigate potential risks, particularly in jurisdictions where oversight arrangements are weak or supervisory capacity is limited.Item Nutrition at a glance : Maldives(World Bank, 2009) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem Poverty reduction and economic management unit South Asia region : Maldives country economics memorandum : policies for sustaining economics growth(World Bank, 1999-04-19) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem Poverty reduction, economic management, South Asia Region : Maldives development updated(World Bank, 2013-10) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem Poverty reduction, economic managment, South Asian Region : Maldives development updated(World Bank, 2019-04) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem Poverty reduction, economics management, finance and private sector development, SAR : Maldives economic update(World Bank, 2011-09) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem PPIAF assistance in the Republic of Maldives(World Bank, 2012-11) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem Preliminary policy note on assessment of the health services delivery system in light of proposed universal insurance scheme'(World Bank, 2011-09) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem South Asia : strategy and action plan for rural development(World Bank, 2011-07-11) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem Transition to a universal health insurance scheme in Maldives’ : Maldives health policy notes 2(World Bank, 2011-09) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem Wind resource mapping in the Maldives : 24-month site resource report June 2019(World Bank, 2019-06-17) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem Wind resources mapping in the Maldives : 12 month site resources report October 2014.(World Bank, 2018-10-12) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުEXECUTIVE SUMMARY The World Bank (the “Customer”) retained Garrad Hassan America, Inc. (DNV GL) to complete a 12-month Site Resource Report, which consists of an independent analysis of the wind regime and energy production at two locations in the Maldives, as part of the Wind Resource Assessment and Mapping in the Maldives project. The key results of the work are reported here. The project is primarily funded by the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP). The original objective of the project was to provide a validated mesoscale wind atlas for the Maldives, including associated datasets. The project aimed to provide policy makers in the Maldives and other stakeholders with accurate and valuable knowledge of the national wind resource, including complementary tools, which can be of direct practical use, both for formulating energy policy and implementing wind projects. As part of Phase 2 of the project, meteorological data is to be collected at two sites over a 2-year period. The 12-month Site Resource Report provides interim wind resource statistics at the two measurement locations and energy production estimates for wind turbines installed in the vicinity of the measurement locations. A single Lidar unit was installed and commissioned at each of the two sites in April 2017. Based on a single year of data collection, DNV GL has evaluated the wind resource at each location, the long-term wind regime, and the estimated energy production based on two turbine options: • The Vergnet GEV MP C 275 kW wind turbine, with a rotor diameter of 32 m and a hub height of 50 m. • A generic 3 MW wind turbine, with a rotor diameter of 100 m and a hub height of 100 m. A brief summary of the key results is presented in the table below. Results Hoarafushi Thulusdhoo Turbine type GEV MP C Generic GEV MP C Generic Turbine rated power [kW] 275 3000 275 3000 Hub height [m] 50 100 50 100 Average air density at hub elevation [kg/m3] 1.15 1.14 1.15 1.14 On-site measurement period [years] 1.0 1.0 Long-term reference period [years] 15.3 15.3 Long-term hub height wind speed at Lidar [m/s] 4.9 5.2 5.5 5.7 Average turbine wind speed [m/s] 5.0 5.2 5.6 5.8 20-year P50 Net Energy [GWh/annum] 0.271 3.77 0.346 4.56 20-year P50 Net Capacity Factor [%] 11.2% 14.3% 14.3% 17.4% DNV GL – Document No.: 702909-AUME-R-08, Issue: B Page 6 www.dnvgl.com Other key conclusions and recommendations from the analysis are as follows: • The primary outcome of this study is the establishment of state-of-the-art remote sensing wind measurement systems at two locations in the Maldives. The measurements collected from the Lidar units at both sites are considered good both in terms of data quality and data coverage. • The long-term wind regime at both sites has been estimated using a combination of MERRA-2 and ERA-Interim reanalysis data. There is increased uncertainty in these estimates due to the lack of ground-based reference data, and the relatively short period of data. This has led to the long-term wind regime uncertainty being a major contributor to the overall uncertainty in the energy prediction. • The wind regime across both sites has been predicted using WAsP wind flow modelling. The proposed turbine locations are situated approximately 1 km from the Lidar monitoring locations. As a result, the horizontal extrapolation (or wind flow modelling) uncertainty is a relatively minor contributor to the overall uncertainty in the energy prediction. • The proposed wind turbine locations are preliminary and consider only general siting requirements. Detailed environmental, technical, or construction constraints have not been considered at this stage. The analysis presented here aims to provide a general understanding of how a generic wind turbine would be sited and how it would perform. • There are a number of losses and uncertainties applied to the energy estimates presented above, for which DNV GL’s standard assumptions have been made at this stage, or for which an analysis was not within DNV GL’s scope of work. It is recommended that the Customer considers each of the loss categories carefully when using the results in this report for stakeholder engagement.