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Item Enviornmental impact assessment for the proposed development of an agricultural island Medhufaru Noonu Atoll, Maldives(2013-05-01) SandcaysThis report discusses the findings of a social and environmental impact study under the proposed development of agriculture on Medhufaru, Noonu Atoll. The project is proposed by Capital Travel and Tours Pvt. Ltd. The project targets at using Medhufaru for agriculture and produce some of the imported fresh food locally to reduce cost to consumers and also provide them with better quality goods. There will be clearance of about 13.29% of the land and access channel dredging. Construction of a long jetty and services related to the proposed project such as water, sewerage, energy and waste will also be established during the construction phase. At present, Medhufaru is an uninhabited island not used for any purpose. However, locals of the nearby communities such as Manadhoo use parts of the extensive lagoon around Medhufaru for extraction of sand to be used for construction. The agriculture industry in the Maldives is fairly undeveloped at present. Small sizes of the islands and absence of adequate natural freshwater supplies along with the climatic factors make it hard for majority of food imported to the Maldives to be planted and harvested on a commercial scale. However, there are some species such as papaya, egg plants, bananas and coconut palms which can be farmed and harvested economically. The produce can be sold to the growing tourism industry which imports majority of their agricultural products from other countries. Hence, to develop the agricultural industry of the Maldives and to potentially cater mainly for the market demand from tourism was amongst main goals of this project. Alternatives have been identified in the project document. These include alternative uses of the island such as for a tourist resort or declaring the island as a nature reserve. However, upon closer analysis of these options, the proposed development of the island for agricultural purpose was found to be more viable based on the present circumstances under which the island has been leased. The absence of easily accessible good coral reef anywhere near the island makes it lacking for a tourist resort while nature reserves doesn’t bring any economic benefits, rather only negative economic impacts. Also, the island does not have such unique ecosystems that require special protection. However, there are some areas of the island such as the wetland areas which are of some significance. Therefore, the preferred alternative identified by the consultants was to use the island for agriculture as proposed, but conserving parts of the island due to their ecological significance and establish a research and conservation program within the proposed project. Environmental impacts were assessed for both the construction and operation phase of the project. Most of the environmental impacts of the project have been identified as minor negative with highly positive socio-economic impacts. The main negative impacts from the project include habitat loss from vegetation clearance, sedimentation and consequent impacts on marine wildlife health and groundwater pollution from usage of chemicals such as pesticides during the operational phase. The mitigation measures outlined for these impacts include conserving mature trees to the greatest possible extent, minimizing sedimentation by reducing the area to be dredged and taking precautionary measures for dredging works at the reef entrance, reducing the use of chemicals as much as possible, establishing dust control plans and careful supervision and training of chemical handling in addition to employing bestpractice guidelines during the operational phase. The most positive socio-economic impacts related to the project are increase in job opportunities, reduction in prices of agricultural produce and increase of national revenue. It is inevitable that there would be some negative environmental impacts. However, most of the impacts of the proposed project are minor compared to the positive socio-economic benefits of the proposed system. Yet, monitoring to ensure the effectiveness of the proposed project would be necessary. Therefore, a monitoring component has been suggested which takes in to consideration, the most important elements that require regular checks. This monitoring component will be adhered to and will allow the assessment of changes due to construction and implementation of the proposed agriculture project. Monitoring is specifically focussed on employment opportunities, price changes in the market, direct and indirect economic ventures, ground and marine water quality, changes in the hydrodynamics of the project area as well as impacts on the reef or marine ecological area of importance. In conclusion, it appears justified from a technical and environmental point of view, to carry out the proposed project to develop Medhufaru as an agricultural island. However, there are alternatives that may be more suitable and shall be considered with caution and after understanding the costs and discussions with relevant government authorities.Item Environmental and social impact assessment : ecotourism facility development Fuvahmulah, Maldives(2017-03-01) SandcaysThis report discusses the findings of a rapid Environmental and Social Impact Assessment carried out for the proposed Ecotourism Facility in Fuvahmulah, Gnaviyani Atoll. The project is proposed by Ministry of Environment and Energy. The design of the eco-tourism infrastructure will ensure congruence with existing land use plan and developing Communitybased Wetland Managenet Plan (CBWMP) based on community and stakeholder consultation. The project involves the design and implementation of an ecotourism package with basic infrastructure for eco-tourism (nature trails, observation hide-outs, interpretation centre, visitor convenience services). The primary objective of the project is to improve the livelihoods of the people of Fuvahmulah by creating ecotourism opportunities which will create knock-on economic effects in the community, in the tourism, agriculture and handicraft sector. The project will contribute to the socio-economic development of the local community, especially ecotourism services. Fuvahmulah is well known in the Maldives for their agricultural produce. Fuvahmulah is one of the largest landmasses in the Maldives with agricultural land including a large marshy land surrounded by freshwater lakes. This is possibly the only island with freshwater lakes in the Maldives. The proposed project would entail features unique to the ecological and geophysical setting of Fuvahmulah. The ecotourism component has also been included within the Community-Based Wetland Management Project that has been formulated recently. The overall environmental and social impacts of the projects have been assessed. General impact management and mitigation measures have been considered while project or sitespecific environmental and social management plans have been identified separately and in more detail. The overall impact of the proposed project is largely positive resulting mainly from improvements in livelihood, better management of a sensitive or protected environment, improved facilities promoting ecotourism and greater awareness of sensitive environments, especially within the local context. There would also be direct and indirect employment opportunities in the planning/design phase, construction phase as well as operational phase of the project. The main socio-economic disadvantage of the project would be the landuse ESIA for proposed Ecotourism Facility Development at Fuvahmulah, Maldives Proponent: Ministry of Environment and Energy P a g e | x Consultant: Sandcays restrictions imposed on the use of the protected areas of the wetland and thundi adding to the burden of land scarcity. There are a few negative impacts of the project including the impacts of landuse related to the project and subsequent impacts of possible removal or relocation of plants and impacts on unique ecological habitats. Since the project sites under consideration are mainly cleared land or existing water bodies, the impact on flora is almost negligible. The increased number of visitors may affect the sensitive or unique ecological habitats. The impact of waste and any effluent discharge is also considered minor or negligible especially since the island has a somewhat established waste management mechanism including wetland management activities. Impacts on groundwater lens is also considered minor with no dewatering for foundations envisaged and very low potential for accidents such as potential damage to sewerage lines in the area, if any. The project does not affect any of the World Bank safeguards and the environmental assessment safeguard has been adopted as relevant. The project does not negatively affect local communities and does not involve any relocation of affected communities. The main mitigation measures for the proposed project would be to minimize felling of trees or clearing of vegetation by design, design for maximum natural ventilation and light, design for optimal efficiency of buildings while minimizing on losses such as excess concrete as in some of the construction projects in the Maldives, minimizing and taking care in dusty operations, taking heed of noise especially during night and keeping the labour force and construction site in appropriate accommodation with appropriate facilities. Of the specific mitigation measures, it has been proposed to take care of protected trees in or in the vicinity of proposed project areas and transplanting the few trees in the proposed building locations. A grievance redress mechanism has also been proposed. It is inevitable that there would be some negative environmental impacts. However, these are minor compared to the positive impacts of the ecotourism facilities and infrastructure. Yet, monitoring has been proposed to ensure the effectiveness of the proposed impact management and mitigation measures. The proposed monitoring programme takes in to consideration effectiveness of dust and noise control measures, waste management measures including removal of excavated sand, measures to minimize falling of objects/materials during transport, provision of personal protection equipment and incidences of tree removal, where it ESIA for proposed Ecotourism Facility Development at Fuvahmulah, Maldives Proponent: Ministry of Environment and Energy P a g e | xi Consultant: Sandcays is necessary during construction and water quality of the wetland/pond areas and records at site of encounters with/sightings of terrestrial and avian species as well as visitor numbers and experiences. In conclusion, it appears justified from a socio-economic and environmental point of view, to carry out the proposed project.Item Environmental assessment on proposed beach nourishment and environmental audit on desalination and power generation activities, Vakarufalhi Island Resort, South Ari Atoll, Maldives(2011-07) SandcaysThis report is on two components including an environmental audit on existing desalination and power generation facilities and environmental impact assessment of proposed beach nourishment in Vakarufalhi Island Resort. The audit addresses the environmental concerns of the existing desalination plant and power generation facilities in Vakarufalhi Island resort. The primary objective of the audit exercise is to renew desalination plant registration. Having an environmental clearance statement is a requirement the registration of desalination plants. There is one seawater desalination plant with daily production capacity 300m3 in which feed water intake and brine concentrate discharge is on the eastern side of the island. The overall performance of the desalination plant in Vakarufalhi Island Resort is adequate and acceptable. The electrical conductivity of product water was found at 50μS/cm and no coliforms were detected from product water. The groundwater quality in terms of salinity was found at 1,700μS/cm (considered as measure of salinity); this shows the aquifer is normal. Total estimated area of proposed beach filling is at 3,140m2 with an estimated volume of sand to be filled at 4,710m3. This estimation is based on the existing beach condition at the time this survey was undertaken. A monitoring program has been outlined at the end of the report which can be implemented for environmental quality improvement and informed decision making. In particular of water quality monitoring and daily log maintenance at plant site. The overall performance of the seawater desalination facility and powerhouse in Vakarufalhi Island Resort is at adequate and acceptable condition. Key aspects of the operations are in compliance to desalination plant registration regulations in Maldives. Noise emissions meet the requirements of Maldives Energy Authority and acceptable standards. The overall environmental impacts of the proposed beach nourishment indicated that there continuous beach nourishment at Vakarufalhi does not have major adverse impacts on the environment as far as current knowledge is concerned. Given that the project has major socio-economic benefits and some environmental benefits, it is advisable to allow the project to proceed as proposed. It is also recommended to continue to monitor the impacts of the proposed project by regular monitoring of shorelines, beach profiles and nearshore currents for at least two years and communicate and feed the data into the EIA system in the country.Item Environmental audit of the desalination plant in Gangehi Island Resort, North Ari Atoll(2011-07) SandcaysThis report has been prepared in order to assess the environmental performance of the existing desalination plant for the purpose of registration of the plant according to the requirements of the Environmental Protection Agency. This report focuses only on the desalination plant and no other operations of the resort are incorporated within the context of this report. Environmental Impact Assessment (or Audit) is required for the registration of desalination plant under the Desalination Regulation of the Maldives. Also, desalination plant projects fall within the list of projects requiring Environmental Impact Assessment study under the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation of the Maldives. However, since the desalination plant in Gangehi (like many other such facilities in the Maldives) has been operational when the Desalination Regulation and the EIA Regulation came into effect, the scope for this Environmental Impact Assessment has been based on that of an environmental audit of the existing facilities, focusing on the environmental compliance and performance of the existing desalination plant. Therefore, this report will include a compliance and performance audit. The compliance audit or review will assess how well the project implementation complies with the existing environmental policies or requirements by the registering authority and the performance audit will assess the actual environmental impacts of the project and how well the impacts have been mitigated during the construction as well operational phase. The performance audit will also include a review of the existing monitoring programme, discussing the deficiencies and suggesting improvements for future monitoring. There have not been any legal requirements for environmental monitoring as there has not been any EIA report for the resort facilities under consideration. Therefore, this report is based on the findings of site investigations carried out by the consultant and necessary information provided by the management and technical staff at Gangehi resort. However, it is noted that the resort has a system in place to monitor environmental performance indicators of which water quality tests undertaken in the recent past by the Proponent have been used in preparing this report. In addition to discussing the findings of the audit, a matrix will be presented which summarises the status of environmental compliance and performance for activities involving the operation and maintenance of the facility. This report will also provide recommendations for further environmental improvements to the desalination plants.Item Environmental audit report : desalination facilities : Viventa by Taj – Coral Reef North Male’ Atoll, Maldives(2011-10) SandcaysThis environmental audit report addresses the environmental performance of the existing desalination plant in Viventa by Taj Coral Reef for registration of desalination plant. Having an audit or environmental performance statement is a requirement for the registration of desalination plants. There are three seawater desalination plants with daily production capacity 240 m3 in which feed water intake and brine concentrate discharge is on the northern side of the island. The overall performance of the desalination plant in Viventa by Taj Coral Reef is adequate and acceptable, except the poor environmental aesthetic. Water quality monitoring has been conducted regularly beginning from December 2010 and water quality records are also available at plant site. Water quality of the product water has regularly been checked from four main locations including storage tank, main kitchen, Jacuzzi and swimming pool. The electrical conductivity of desalinated water is found in the range at 500-1150 μS/cm Additionally during the site visit water quality was tested from four areas which are identified to be key potential impact areas including feed water intake zone, brine disposal site, groundwater within the plant operation and product water (desalinated water). The electrical conductivity of product water was found at 793μS/cm and no coliforms were detected from product water. A monitoring program has been outlined at the end of the report which can be implemented for environmental quality improvement and informed decision makings. In particular of water quality monitoring and daily log maintenance at plant site. The overall performance of the seawater desalination facility in Viventa by Taj Coral Reef is at adequate and acceptable condition except poor environmental aesthetic. Key aspects of the operations are in compliance to desalination plant registration regulations in Maldives.Item Environmental audit report : desalination facilities Thundufushi Island Resort South Ari Atoll, Maldives(2011-04) SandcaysThis environmental audit report addresses the environmental concerns of the existing desalination plant in Thundufishi Island resort. The primary objective of the audit exercise is to renew desalination plant registration. Having an environmental clearance statement is a requirement for the registration of desalination plants. In Thundufushi, there is one seawater desalination plant with daily production capacity 150 m3 in which feed water intake and brine concentrate discharge is on the eastern side of the island. The overall performance of the desalination plant in Thundufushi island resort is adequate and acceptable. However in the audit exercise conducted it was identified that water quality monitoring has not been conducted regularly and water quality records are also not available at plant site. Water quality was tested from four areas which are identified four potential impact areas including feed water intake zone, brine disposal site, groundwater within the plant operation and product water (desalinated water). The electrical conductivity of product water was found at 700μS/cm and no coliforms were detected from product water. The groundwater quality in terms of electrical conductivity was found at 6800μS/cm (considered as measure of salinity), this shows the aquifer is saline compared to freshwater aquifers in other islands across the Maldives. A monitoring programme has been outlined at the end of the report which can be implemented for environmental quality improvement and informed decision making. In particular, water quality monitoring and daily log maintenance at plant site. The overall performance of the seawater desalination facility in Thundufushi is at adequate and acceptable. Key aspects of the operations are in compliance to Desalination Regulations of the Maldives.Item Environmental impact assessment : coastal protection at Paradise Island Resort, Kaafu Atoll, Maldives(2010-08-01) SandcaysThis report addresses the environmental concerns of the proposed coastal protection at Paradise Island Resort located on Lankanfinolhu in North Malé Atoll. The primary objective of the project is to protect the coastal infrastructure of Paradise Island Resort and also enhance the natural environmental of Paradise and to improve the services offered to guests thereby minimizing operational and environmental costs. As such the project encompasses the replenishment of approximately 200m of beach at the arrival jetty and swimming pool area on the western side and about 300m of shoreline on the eastern side at the base of the water villas jetty. Paradise Island is surrounded by a large expanse of lagoon or reef flat on the eastern side and similar but not so great expanse of reef flat and lagoon on the western side. The western side beach is, therefore, much more prone to wave attack than the eastern side. The western side is exposed to wind generated waves during the southwest monsoon while the eastern side is exposed to wind generated waves during the northeast monsoon as well as swells during both monsoons. The eastern side reef flat has recently been subjected to anthropogenic changes during the construction of water villas which were destroyed by the tsunami of 2004 as a result of which the erosion of the eastern beaches at the foot of the water villa jetty has been severed. However, the western side beaches have been a victim of wave-induced erosion during the southwest monsoon for as long as the island existed. Therefore, regular beach nourishment by pumping sand from nearshore areas has helped to keep the beaches intact to some extent. Such frequent beach nourishment creates more sediment suspension and resuspension in the water column causing deterioration of the quality of the main product, which is the natural environment. Continuous beach nourishment would also provide little protection to these eroding areas without structural protection. Shore protection measures have, therefore, been evaluated and most practicable option(s) chosen to protect the eroding areas and minimize the frequency of beach nourishment. The proposed coastal protection structure is a breakwater that would be submerged at high tide. Such a breakwater is expected to provide adequate protection from wave induced erosion on both sides, which is the cause for concern at present. The overall environmental impacts of the project have been assessed using appropriate matrices and the results indicated that the proposed project has a net positive impact. That is, the project has no major adverse impacts on the environment as far as current knowledge is concerned. Given that the project has major socio-economic benefits and some environmental benefits, it is advisable to allow the project to proceed as proposed. It is also recommended to continue to monitor the impacts of the proposed project by regular monitoring of shorelines and nearshore currents for at least two years and communicate and feed the data into the EIA system in the country.Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Environmental impact assessment : for the proposed sewage outfall and minor coastal modifications, Huraa, Kaafu atoll, Maldives(2017-12) SandcaysThis report discusses the findings of an environmental impact study under the proposed sewage outfall of the existing sewerage system and minor coastal modifications at Huraa, Kaafu Atoll. The project is proposed by the Secretariat of K. Huraa Council. The project entails a sea outfall from the collection chamber of the existing sewerage system and minor coastal modifications including the excavation for deepening of the Huraa wetland and installation of concrete piles for a restaurant on the shorezone. The proposed incorporation of sea outfall involves a pumping station and modification or replacement of fiber tanks in the existing sewage treatment plant. The outfall will extend to a depth of at least 7m, as per guidelines. The wetland has been declared by EPA as a Protected area to protect the mangrove forest and the Council feels it important to deepen the water-logged area, especially the inter-tidal opening between the wetland and the lagoon which has been shoaled over the years. The dredge material is to be placed on the eastern side beach area, slightly south of the pumping station location. Environmental impacts were assessed for both the construction and operational phase of the project. Most of the environmental and socio-economic impacts identified for the proposed development were positive to include reduction in smell around the treatment plant, energy consumption for wastewater treatment, minimized groundwater pollution, improved management/ maintenance of the sewerage system and enhanced water circulation in the water-logged areas of the wetland. The negative environmental impacts of the project would include temporary loss of groundwater quality during the construction phase due to dewatering and large siltation in the wetland area and small amount of sedimentation around house-reef induced from installing the outfall. The latter could be regarded as insignificant due to its small magnitude and spatial distribution while the sedimentation or siltation from dredging of the wetland area could be quite significant depending on the method of dredging. Silt and dirt on the dredge material disposal location would also be of concern. Since the project has minor negative impacts, a detailed investigation of alternatives was not considered necessary. Furthermore, there are no feasible alternatives to the outfall or excavation of the water-logged area of the wetland. Therefore, only alternative work methods have been discussed in the report, which include alternative methods of laying the outfall pipeline, alternative methods of excavation, etc. The environmental impact mitigation measures for this project were also of lesser importance due to the scale and low impact. Some of the general construction controls such as working during low- tide as much as possible and rigorous supervision have been discussed. As for the operational phase, implementation of backup systems and trained maintenance staff to service the Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) and regular check-ups were suggested in addition to monitoring seawater quality around the outfall location, wetland water quality and groundwater quality at designated locations around the island. The Proponent is willing to undertake monitoring during and after the construction phase in addition to undertaking the mitigation measures proposed by the consultants. In conclusion, it appears justified from a technical, administrative and environmental point of view, to carry out the proposed project. However, the alternative methods of excavation of the water-logged wetland areas proposed to be excavated may be considered and the works are recommended to be done in the least damaging manner.Item Environmental impact assessment : proposed reclamation and coastal protection at SH. Komandoo(2011-04) SandcaysThis report addresses the environmental concerns of the proposed reclamation and coastal protection in Komandoo in Shaviyani Atoll. The primary objective of the project is to protect the island coastline, improve the coastal environment and at the same time increase land area to the greatest possible extent thereby addressing the current land shortage issues experienced by the island community. Komandoo is the smallest in size of about 9 hectares but the second most populated island in Shaviyani Atoll with a current population of about 1,800 people. As part of the coastal improvements under the project, the existing small harbour on the eastern side will be shifted offshore from its current location providing harbour front area and increasing the space for boat building and maintenance and other industrial activities. The east harbour re-development works include construction of jetty quaywall, breakwater, revetment and land reclamation to shift the harbour further out of the existing east shoreline of the island. This east harbour, however, fosters limited use in the northeast monsoon and complements the recently developed harbour on the south of the island. There are two options proposed for the coastal protection for the area from the north east to the northwest of the island. One option is to have the beach reclaimed to nearly the edge of the reef and protected by a revetment and the other option is to have breakwater segments in this area and set back the beach from the breakwaters to allow the formation of some length of beach after reclamation. During consultations with the community a unanimous decision was made by some community members in a meeting with the newly elected council members to have beach in at least one part of the island. As such the area on the west or southwest and southeast near the new harbour of the island has been discussed with preference given to the location on the west or southwest of the island. It was believed that the sand dredged from the redevelopment harbour on the east side will not be sufficient to cover area that has been proposed for reclamation. In order to cater for this the lagoon and channel to the south of the island was surveyed and investigated for the location of possible sand borrowing spot. It was found that due to the existing natural hydrodynamics around the island the sand seems to be safely dredged from this south location as continuous sand deposition from natural process of wave action exist in this area. Furthermore, the reef in this area seems to relatively dormant from the previous harbour constructions activities near this area. Hence, minimal adverse environment impacts are expected in considering this location as potential borrow area. The observations made around the island in the context of the extent of damage to the protection structures that currently exist, it was concluded that there impact of the waves and the elevation of the water levels seems to be sever and higher respectively on the south west side of the island. Hence, the suggested height of 1.4m for the breakwater in the south west area seems to be inadequate as the water levels seems to be elevated and caused breaching of the existing protection walls and resulted in extensive damage. These existing elevated water levels can be attributed to the atoll geomorphology and sea bed levels near and offshore surrounding areas. Another observation from the severity of the damage to the existing revetment suggests that material used for the coastal protection works for the new developments have to be more thoroughly addressed. The proposed geotextile bag construction does seem to be adequate at least in this area to able to combat the impact of the wave and current induced forces on any protection structure place in this location. Furthermore, some of the senior citizens on the island expressed a lot of apprehension towards the proposed use of geotextile containers/bags for the breakwaters and revetments of the island. The overall design seems to be appropriate, however, in terms of the structures and proposed dredge sand extraction zones, there are some areas around the island where the current proposed design needs to be modified and these are set out in the alternatives recommended. The beach areas especially on the north side of the island has fair bit of pollution in the lagoon due to dumping of island waste in this area and a solution needs to be provided for the management of the solid waste on the island. In addition, the reclamation activities in the project cover some of the sea out falls placed on the island and recommendations are made for the extension of these pipelines. Another aspect to be considered is the possibilities of flooding during rainy season due to the proposed reclamation encompassing nearly the entire existing beach line. Suggestions are made to improve drainage for the island after the reclamation activity is completed. Substantial raw data is available from research actives carried out on the surrounding lagoon of Komandoo Island and these are suggested to be used as baseline information for establishing environmental monitoring activities for the island. It is thus advised to use drogue studies and water quality studies of the island lagoon be carried out at least for two years from the time of commencement of the project. It is suggested that the monitoring programme will encompass the socio economic impacts including positive and negative responses of the recipient community towards the different aspects of the project during and post project implementation. The Environment Protection Agency is to be furnished with annual monitoring reports for the set monitoring period. The overall environmental impacts of the project have been assessed using appropriate matrices and the results indicated that the proposed project has net positive impacts. Given that the project has several socio-economic benefits and few negative environmental impacts, it is recommended to allow the project to proceed as proposed. The recommended alternatives are also considered appropriate given the need to protect the island from the ever present threat of damage to coastal structures and the need for additional land. In fact, the environmental impacts of the project are relatively mild in considering the net socio-economic benefits and the existing and cumulative impacts on the environment.Item Environmental impact assessment for coastal protection and erosion control on west of runway 18, Malé International Airport, Hulhulé, Kaafu Atoll, Maldives(2010-04-05) SandcaysThis report addresses the environmental concerns of the proposed quaywall strengthening and erosion control of western coast of Runway 18, Malé International Airport, Hulhulé, Kaafu Atoll. The primary objective of the project is to enhance the safety of the airstrip at the turning pad area, which is prone to flooding during rough weather due to wave overtopping from existing sheetpile structure. As a result there is scour behind the sheetpile wall increasing the threat of subsidence or structural weakening of the western edge of the turning pad area. Therefore, there is an immediate need to protect this area by strengthening existing sheetpile quaywall with additional protection measures. Hence, different options for the coastal protection have been evaluated and the most practicable options not entailing excessive costs have been recommended. Since this is an immediate and temporary measure, minimal protection has been proposed, which is the protection of the immediate area behind the turning pad where sheetpile structure has been placed. The length of protection is about 100m. The other areas with concrete gravity seawalls have not been considered for protection as these areas are not severely affected and the entire area, including the 100m coastline which is proposed for immediate protection, would be reclaimed in the near future, as per the Airport Master Plan. The different options for the protection of the proposed 100m coastline immediately behind the turning pad area include revetments along the coastline or offshore breakwaters covering a length of about 250m on the dead reef flat at about 100m from the sheetpile coastline. Two types of materials have been considered for the revetments: single layer Core-Loc armour units and 2.5m3 geotextile containers filled with sand. The Core-Loc units have very high permeability (50-60% voids) to absorb wave energy while the geotextile containers have no voids when placed together. Therefore, the design using geotextile containers have been revised to incorporate about 15% voids, thereby improving the wave energy absorption capacity. Based on the costs and wave energy absorption potential of each type of material, it is recommended to use the Core-Loc units. However, these units are not readily available in the Maldives, therefore, geotextile containers have been recommended due to the urgency of the project. In both cases, the revetments have been designed to provide adequate wave runup to minimize the force of the wave. Additional protection would not be required. For the breakwater also, the above two types of materials have been considered and submerged breakwaters as well as emerged breakwaters have been considered. The breakwater option is expensive given the length of the breakwater. Also, the distance between the potential breakwater location and the shore area to be protected is about 100m, which makes it less effective as wind-generated waves will reoccur inside the lee of the breakwater. Other options such as groynes have not been considered because the lagoon on this side has been dredged. Imported rock boulders could also be used for both the revetment option and the breakwater option. However, the cost of boulders and the time to deliver to site makes it impracticable and has not been considered. Moreover, a structure with rock boulders would be less permeable (about 30-40%) than the proposed Core-Loc armour units. Hence, cost was the deciding factor in choosing the Core-Loc units and geotextile containers over rock boulders. The reef flat at the area in which the proposed offshore breakwater would be constructed is almost entirely dead with high levels of sediment resuspended in the water column. This is due to the increased sediment level from dredging that had taken place in the area. There is also the cumulative effect of sediment resuspension resulting from the Hulhumalé reclamation, but this is expected to be small. The reef slope and edge in this area would not be severely affected as no machinery would be used in or closer to these areas during the implementation of the proposed project activities. All machinery would be used on the shallow reef flat area, which consists of bedrock and a few dead coral porites. Given the level of dredging, reclamation and coastal protection works that have been carried out in the area, the cumulative impacts of the proposed project would be negligible. Therefore, this project is not considered to have adverse environmental or social impacts but there would be economic impacts that would be positive in that the dangers of potential subsidence of the airstrip turning pad is minimized with greater flood control and protection afforded by the proposed temporary coastal protection structures. However, mitigation measures to minimize any damage to reef will be in place and the project components will be well planned considering minimal aesthetic impact although this area is not aesthetically sensitive. Environmental monitoring is not recommended for the project under consideration except monitoring of the effectiveness of the structures for at least one year after construction. However, it is recommended that the Maldives Airports Company in association with other operators in Hulhulé initiate and conduct an island-wide environmental monitoring programme which would cover the environmental monitoring needs of all projects undertaken on the island.Item Environmental impact assessment for the dredging of a seaplane strip at Dh. Kudahuvadhoo airport(Dhaalu Airport Holdings, 2018-12) SandcaysDhaalu Airport Holdings Pvt. Ltd. proposes to develop its seaplane operations as part of the Domestic Airport which has been recently opened after reclaiming 62.81hectares of land from the southern lagoon of Kudahuvadhoo, Dhaalu Atoll. The seaplane runway is a 60m x1000m and the taxiway is 30mx450m rectangular strips of lagoon dredged in the shallow area between Kudahuvadhoo and recently reclaimed airstrip. A seaplane terminal is also proposed to be developed. Kudahuvadhoo Island is located on the southern side of Dh. Atoll on geographic coordinates of 72.893716 longitude and 2.671707 latitudes having a land area of 71.2Hectares. The proposed seaplane facility at Dhaalu Airport will be subject to the key legal instruments including Environmental Protection and Preservation Act (No. 4/93), Civil Aviation Act (No. 2/2001) of Maldives. Thus, it must satisfy the EIA process according to the EIA Regulations and get approval as well as conform to the Dredging and Reclamation Regulation as well as civil aviation standards and safety measures. The construction work involves the main activities to be carried out including dredging and reclamation, shore protection measures, levelling of the land, development of paved roads, terminal building, pontoon jetties and other related infrastructure. All utilities including water, sewerage, waste management, fuel services and electricity are currently in place and additional facilities would not be required. The main activity that will be involved with the development of this project in the marine environment is dredging of the shallow lagoon and disposal of dredge material at the project site. The proposed dredging takes place between already reclaimed areas devoid of any coral. Therefore, there would be negligible or few minor negative impacts on the reef areas of Kudahuvadhoo. However, there would be possible shoaling of dredged areas and water quality deterioration in the proposed seaplane taxiway and part of the seaplane runway due to stagnation. Aircraft operation will cause noise pollution due to aircraft or its components, during various phases of a flight: on the ground while parked such as auxiliary power units; while taxiing; on run-up from propeller and jet exhaust during take-off; underneath and lateral to departure and arrival paths; over-flying while en-route or during landing time. However, as discussed in the airport EIA, noise sensitive places such as schools and hospitals are already at considerable distance and future developments would also take this into consideration. Owing to the intermittent nature of aircraft noise due to low traffic, it is not considered to be of significance even with the addition of the seaplane operations.A detailed environmental monitoring programme has been included in the EIA for Airport development, which is sufficient to cover the proposed operations. Therefore, the programme has been revised and included in this EIA. The overall environmental impacts of the project assessed using appropriate matrices, professional experience/judgement and the results obtained on existing situation of Kudahuvadhoo indicated that the proposed project has net positive impact compared to a few (mostly cumulative) negative environmental impacts. Given that the project has major socio-economic benefits although there would be some negative environmental impacts, it is recommended to allow the project to proceed as proposed.Item Environmental impact assessment for the proposed 10-storey building at H. Sandhaleege(2016-11) SandcaysThis report discusses the findings of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) carried out for the proposed 10-store building at Sandhaleege, Henveyru, Burevi Magu, Malé. This project requires EIA as the building has a basement and the foundation of the building goes below 6 feet, under EIA regulations 2012 such buildings require EIA clearance from Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The main objective of the EIA is to identify potential impacts of excavation, construction of foundation and dewatering and consider mitigation measures that can be adopted. In addition, the EIA would also consider other construction phase and operational phase activities such as waste management, energy and water supply although they are not directly related to the scope of the EIA. The main aim of the project is to provide a residence to the proponent and family. In addition the proponent aims to rent out floors in the apartment building for residential and commercial purposes. Looking at the existing environment of the site, the site is devoid of any significant flora or fauna. There is only one Moringa tree belonging to the proponent, the proponent will give this tree to whoever wants it. The traffic is at Burevi Magu is quiet low, this is mainly because it is not a main street. In this regard, it was found that mainly motor bikes used this road. However the noise level at the site is high, like in other parts of Malé, mostly due to construction activities undertaken nearby. The groundwater quality even though saline, is not very saline when compared to some other parts of Malé. Almost all of the negative impacts envisioned for the project occurs during construction phase and as highlighted previously most of these impacts are associated with substructure works. However, almost all these impacts are minor and can be reduced to negligible levels with the mitigation measures proposed in this report. In this regard, the potential negative impacts associated with this project can be summarised as impacts related to groundwater quality and quantity, impacts on nearby buildings in terms of structural damage, impacts on air quality, impact on ambient noise, impacts on utility services, impacts on traffic and impacts on health and safety. Mitigation measures proposed for the project like minimizing dewatering to the shortest possible time, ensuring proper storage and transport of construction material and waste, restricting noisy activities to day time, undertaking works by experienced operators and supervisors, avoiding closure of roads during peak rush hours and implementing international best practice health and safety standards will help to reduce the influence of most of the envisioned impacts to negligible levels. The EIA report proposes a monitoring program that will help to identify the actual impacts and to identify the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures. In this regard monitoring will include, monitoring of groundwater quality, monitoring of dust and noise, visual assessment of nearby buildings and monitoring of traffic condition. The monitoring reports will be submitted to EPA every two months during construction phase and once thereafter to meet the requirements of the EIA regulations. The reports will be submitted in the format specified in the EIA regulations. Overall, this project is a positive project for the proponent and the negative impacts envisioned are only for the construction phase and all these impacts can be easily mitigated.Item Environmental impact assessment for the proposed access channel at Diamonds Athuruga Beach and Water Villas, South Ari Atoll, Maldives(2013-05) SandcaysThis report discusses the findings of an Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed dredging of the existing entrance channel on the north of Athuruga, South Ari Atoll. The project is proposed by Voyages Maldives Pvt. Ltd. for Diamonds Athuruga Beach and Water Villas. Athuruga is one of the oldest and most renowned resorts in the Maldives with luxury beach and water villas, spa, restaurants and bars. The project is targeted at improving access by dredging or maintenance dredging of the existing access channel through which guest transfers to and from the deep lagoon takes place. Diving dhonis also use this area for diving lessons and the channel is the primary access for several such services for the resort. Supply vessels as well as other vessels also use the deep lagoon area as a natural mooring area. The project entails the dredging of the channel using excavator on a barge. The volume of the dredged sand is approximately 3500m3 and is proposed to be disposed into the deep lagoon due to the small volume and low environmental impact. The alternative to this would be to dispose the material in the sea, where it would impact an unknown environment and would be of no use. The other alternative of moving the material onshore would involve greater costs and also movement excavator on beach and land, which is not desirable. The dredge material is less sand and more rubble, therefore, sieving such a small volume for use in beach nourishment would be cost-prohibitive. Environmental impacts were assessed for both the construction and operation phase of the project. Most of the environmental impacts of the project have been identified as positive resulting mainly from improved access and mooring, improved services, direct and indirect employment opportunities, increase in related business ventures, and so on. The main negative environmental impact of the project is identified to be the possible movement of low levels of sediment towards the reef. The movement and settlement of fine sediments are expected to occur on the reef flat, which is mainly dead. There may be some sediment movement on to the reef slope and edge. This would be negligible due to the small volume of dredge material. Therefore, the environmental impacts of the project are considered to be of little or no significance. The project is undertaken due to the socio-economic benefits that entail including easy access at all tides creating improved guest transfers and services. The impact matrices done for the project indicates a net positive impact, however, the magnitude of the net positive impact is small possibly due to the small size of the project. There are no mitigation measures except for general mitigation measures such as appropriate supervision during the civil works and staff awareness on environmental protection. Such guidance shall focus on ensuring that fuelling of excavator and other machinery is undertaken with caution and that coral damage is minimized by excavating only the areas that require excavation. During the construction phase, it is also vital to undertake daily in-situ monitoring of total suspended solids and turbidity to ensure that water quality criteria are met and sedimentation on the reef does not occur. In addition, monitoring of water quality and drogues shall be undertaken for about a year. It is recommended to incorporate these into an island-wide monitoring programme, which is not within the scope of this EIA report. In conclusion, it appears justified from a technical and environmental point of view, to carry out the proposed project to dredge the existing entrance channel on the north of Athuruga resort.Item Environmental impact assessment for the proposed additional desalination facilities at Malé City, Kaafu Atoll, Maldives(2016-04) SandcaysThis report discusses the findings of a social and environmental impact study under the proposed project for setting up 2 new desalination plants with 5 additional boreholes in Malé City. The project is proposed by Malé Water and Sewerage Company Ltd. The proposed project involves establishing two new reverse osmosis desalination plants to add to the existing capacity in Malé to cater for the ever increasing demand. 5000 tons per day plant will be installed at the MWSC warehouse facility in Ameenee Magu and 2000 tons per day plant will be installed in the Haveeree Hingun site which is also a designated site for MWSC. Each plant will have sufficient number of boreholes to cater for the demand with 3 boreholes in the MWSC warehouse plot and 2 boreholes in the Haveeree Hingun site. The use of boreholes will overcome the need for sedimentation tanks. Given the restriction in space difficulties in laying intake pipes from sea, borehole is proposed for feed water. Desalination based on reverse osmosis technology is the same technology used in Malé currently and has been considered as the most suitable. RO desalination plant has recovery rate of no less than 40%. The proposed drilling method for boreholes is Rotary Mud Drilling; the drill bit is attached to the drill rod while being rotated and advanced into the borehole while pumping a drill mud consisting of bentonite or polymer slurry into the borehole. The project activities include clearing out the existing structures from the sites, mobilization of equipment and materials to the site, plant set up, borehole drilling and setting up of storage tanks. The project duration proposed is 6 months from the start of construction. The general construction materials and specific components that would be required for the project have been identified in the project. Major project output is brine discharge and small amounts of construction waste. Brine from the Ameenee Magu site will be discharged to the lagoon on the southern side which is also used as a harbour. The Haveeree Hingun site brine outfall is located on the north western end of Malé out from the harbor walls. Alternatives have been identified in the project document. Of these alternatives, the recommended alternative would be using sewage outfall pipe to dispose the brine as the proposed lagoon do not have much of a current hence, poses low dilution potential. Nonetheless, the brine outfall locations are devoid of marine life and is on the vicinity of harbours the impacts would be negligible. Alternatives for feed water have been discussed as obtaining from sea compared to the proposed method of boreholes. Given the need for sedimentation tanks and the quality of water obtained the use of boreholes has been proposed. Sedimentation tanks require a large space and space constraints in Malé renders the option unfeasible. Borehole drilling methods including manual drilling, jetting, precussion drilling and rotary drilling have been discussed out of which rotary drilling, which is the proposed option, has been considered as the preferred option. The proposed project is to meet the water demands of Malé City and is an improvement to the quality of services provided by MWSC to the public. It is inevitable that there would be some negative environmental impacts. However, most of the impacts of the proposed project are minor to negligible compared to the positive effects of the proposed system. Yet, monitoring to ensure the effectiveness of the proposed system would be necessary. Therefore, a monitoring component has been suggested which takes in to consideration, the most important elements that require regular checks. This monitoring component will be adhered to and will allow the assessment of changes due to construction and implementation of the project. Monitoring is specifically focussed on water quality, to include feedwater from the borehole (or other source and seawater at brine discharge location (upstream and downstream). Reef or marine ecological monitoring may be considered if the proposed location of the brine discharge or intake is found to be of ecological significance. In conclusion, it is justified from a technical and environmental point of view, to carry out the proposed project to install and operate 2 desalination plants of a total capacity of 7000tonnes per day.Item Environmental impact assessment for the proposed agriculture development project at Aligau, Lhaviyani Atoll, Maldives(2016-07) SandcaysThis report provides the finding of an environmental impact assessment carried out for the proposed agriculture development project at Lh. Aligau. The project is proposed by Crystalline.mv Pvt. Ltd., a company duly registered in the Maldives. The proposed project involves producing high value agricultural products for sale in the local market. The project aims to reduce dependency of the local populace on imported fruits and vegetables by growing as many different species of fruits and vegetables on the island. The project will also provide job and training opportunities to youth and contribute to the overall development of the country. It is proposed to grow red and green leave, tomatoes, chillies, lettuce, kale/collard (kopee faiy), melons, cucumber and similar vegetable and fruits on approximately 0.4hectares of land. Rotary Hydroponics systems and Containerized Growing System (CGS) technology will be used to grow the vegetables and fruits on the island. The CGS technology is new to the Maldives, therefore, alternative improvements to the design of the containers have been proposed in the EIA. The proposed project will have several support facilities including power, water, sewerage, jetty, staff and visitor accommodation and storage facilities developed on the island since the island is remotely located. Under the project, roughly 0.4Ha of the island will be cleared towards the middle of the island, where there are mainly coconut palms, less than 0.1Ha cleared from different areas of the island for other infrastructure and a 30m long jetty will be constructed. Services related to the project, such as staff accommodation, power, water and storage facilities will also be established on the island during the construction phase. The baseline environmental conditions were assessed using standard methods. The project areas including clearance areas and dredge areas have been studied. In addition, the island’s vegetation and shorelines were mapped. The studies indicated that the hydroponics area consisted primarily of coconut palms with other island vegetation. It has been estimated from the vegetation surveys that a total of 150 coconut palms and 50 other mature trees would need to be cleared, but a lot of it can be preserved if the buildings are appropriately designed/setout. The proposed jetty area has shallow depths, as a result of which dredging has been recommended in the EIA. Environmental impacts were identified and assessed for both construction phase and operational phase of the project. Some of the environmental impacts of the project have been identified as positive resulting mainly from improved socio-economic conditions, increased economic activities in Lhaviyani Atoll, direct and indirect employment opportunities, and increased business opportunities. The main negative environmental impacts of the project are identified to be the changes to the island ecosystem from clearance of vegetation and impact on the marine environment from a small degree of sedimentation due to dredging for jetty installation. Although only a 30m jetty is proposed, it would be necessary to create a harbour basin and a channel from the deep lagoon. However, harbor and channels are beyond the scope of this EIA and have been proposed as an important mitigation measure to minimize related socio-economic and vessel safety impacts. Other mitigation measures for the proposed project would be that clearance take place only where necessary and coconut palms are transplanted on other areas of the island or other island where the trees may be required. It is also required to plant two trees for every mature tree or coconut tree cut down. Septic tank systems have been proposed for disposing human waste and pose no long-term negative environmental impact considering the small number of people expected to be based on the island. In fact, the small volume of sludge may be sun-dried and used as fertilizer for agriculture. The activities proposed in the project comply with environmental laws and regulations of the Maldives, including requirements of the Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture. These have been outlined in the report. Alternatives have been identified in the project document. These include design modifications for the proposed jetty and CGS systems. The “no-development” option was also analyzed in light of alternative uses of the island. However, upon analysis of the no-project option, the proposed development of the island for agricultural purpose was found to be more viable based on the present circumstances and use of the island. Considering the other potential alternative uses of the island, the lack of beach on the island does not make it most-suited for tourism development although beaches can be enhanced and a resort can be developed on the island, which would be a better option considering the revenue that it will generate and greater employment potential. The local agricultural produce in market such as those from Maafahi have been contributing to food security and availability of fresh agro-products for a number of years. Hence, such small scale agriculture projects are becoming increasingly important for the sustainable development of the Maldives. Alternatives to water supply, wastewater disposal and electricity have also been considered. The use of groundwater for the proposed hydroponic system is quite appropriate given the small volume of water required for hydroponic systems, however, skimming technologies have been recommended. Wastewater treatment would have negative impacts for the proposed project in terms of use of fuel-based electricity for the treatment process. Therefore, the proposed septic tank system is considered appropriate for such a small scale operation involving a small labour force. Alternative sources of power have also been looked at and recommend the use of solar (photo-voltaic) technology to the greatest possible extent. As such, it is also recommended to design the proposed containers incorporating maximum use of day light/solar energy. It is inevitable that there would be some negative environmental impacts. However, most of the impacts of the proposed project are minor compared to the positive socio-economic benefits of the project. Yet, monitoring to ensure the effectiveness of the proposed project would be necessary especially with new technologies such as containerized growth system technology. Therefore, a monitoring component has been suggested which takes into consideration the most important elements that require regular checks. This monitoring component will be adhered to and will allow the assessment of changes due to construction and implementation of the proposed agriculture project. Monitoring is specifically focussed on employment opportunities, price changes in the market, direct and indirect economic ventures, ground and marine water quality, changes in the hydrodynamics of the project area as well as impacts on the reef or marine ecological area of importance. In conclusion, it appears justified from a technical and environmental point of view, to carry out the proposed project to develop Aligau as an agricultural island. The recommended alternatives may be considered in the light of improving environmental performance of the proposed project.Item Environmental impact assessment for the proposed agriculture development project at Undoodhoo, Baa Atoll, Maldives(2016-08) SandcaysThis report provides the finding of an environmental impact assessment carried out for the proposed agriculture development project at Baa. Undoodhoo. The project is proposed by an Individual Mr Ibrahim Abdul Latheef. The proposed project involves producing high value agricultural products for sale in the local market. The project aims to reduce dependency of the local populace on imported fruits and vegetables by growing as many different species of fruits and vegetables on the island. The project will also provide job and training opportunities to youth and contribute to the overall development of the country. It is proposed to produce banana, Papaya, watermelon and mango on the island. An area of 9040 sq.m of land is allocated for farming. The proposed project will have several support facilities including power, water, sewerage, jetty, staff and visitor accommodation and storage facilities developed on the island since the island is remotely located. Under the project, roughly 1.3Ha of the island will be cleared towards the middle of the island. For farming and all support facilities will have a foot print of upto 10% of the total island area. Two jetties of each 60m wil be constructed on eastern and western side facing the natural channels. Services related to the project, such as staff accommodation, power, water and storage facilities will also be established on the island during the construction phase. The baseline environmental conditions were assessed using standard methods. The project areas including clearance areas and dredge areas have been studied. In addition, the island’s vegetation and shorelines were mapped. The studies indicated that the hydroponics area consisted primarily of coconut palms with other island vegetation. It has been estimated from the vegetation surveys that a total of 320 coconut palms (cocus nucifera), 38 Funa/Alexander Laurelwood (Calophyllum inophyllum), Midhili/Country almond (Terminalia catappa) , and 22 other mature trees would need to be cleared, but a lot of it can be preserved if the buildings are appropriately designed/setout. The proposed jetty area has natural channels as deep as -3m MSL. Environmental impacts were identified and assessed for both construction phase and operational phase of the project. Some of the environmental impacts of the project have been identified as positive resulting mainly from improved socio-economic conditions, increased economic activities in Baa Atoll, direct and indirect employment opportunities, and increased business opportunities. The main negative environmental impacts of the project are identified to be the changes to the island ecosystem from clearance of vegetation and impact on the marine environment from a small degree of sedimentation due to dredging for jetty installation. Mitigation measures for the proposed project would be that clearance take place only where necessary and coconut palms are transplanted on other areas of the island or other island where the trees may be required. It is also required to plant two trees for every mature tree or coconut tree cut down. Septic tank systems have been proposed for disposing human waste and pose no long-term negative environmental impact considering the small number of people expected to be based on the island. The island has a waste management area where green waste will be composed to be used as fertilizer. The activities proposed in the project comply with environmental laws and regulations of the Maldives, including requirements of the Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture. These have been outlined in the report. Alternatives have been identified in the project document. These include alternative access facilities, sewage disposal, water production and energy generation. The “no-development” option was also analyzed in light of alternative uses of the island. However, upon analysis of the no-project option, the proposed development of the island for agricultural purpose was found to be more viable based on the present circumstances and use of the island. Considering the other potential alternative uses of the island, the lack of beach on the island does not make it most-suited for tourism development although beaches can be enhanced and a resort can be developed on the island, which would be a better option considering the revenue that it will generate and greater employment potential. The local agricultural produce in market such as those from Maafahi have been contributing to food security and availability of fresh agroproducts for a number of years. Hence, such small scale agriculture projects are becoming increasingly important for the sustainable development of the Maldives. Alternatives to water supply, wastewater disposal and electricity have also been considered. The use of groundwater for the proposed project is minimal only to non portal use of staffs as it is slightly saline and could not be used for irrigation. Wastewater treatment would have negative impacts for the proposed project in terms of use of fuel-based electricity for the treatment process. Therefore, the proposed septic tank system is considered appropriate for such a small scale operation involving a small labour force. Alternative sources of power have also been looked at and recommend the use of solar (photo-voltaic) technology to the greatest possible extent. It is inevitable that there would be some negative environmental impacts. However, most of the impacts of the proposed project are minor compared to the positive socio-economic benefits of the project. Yet, monitoring to ensure the effectiveness of the proposed project would be necessary especially with ground water contamination with the use of fertilizers. Therefore, a monitoring component has been suggested which takes into consideration the most important elements that require regular checks. This monitoring component will be adhered to and will allow the assessment of changes due to construction and implementation of the proposed agriculture project. Monitoring is specifically focussed on employment opportunities, price changes in the market, direct and indirect economic ventures, ground and marine water quality, changes in the hydrodynamics of the project area as well as impacts on the reef or marine ecological area of importance. In conclusion, it appears justified from a technical and environmental point of view, to carry out the proposed project to develop Undoodhoo as an agricultural island. The recommended alternatives may be considered in the light of improving environmental performance of the proposed project.Item Environmental impact assessment for the proposed beaching area in HA. Dhidhdhoo, Maldives(2015-12) SandcaysThis report discusses the findings of an Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed development of a beaching area in HA. Dhidhdhoo. The project is proposed by Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure. At present, unavailability of space has forced boat owners to travel great distances to do small scale servicing to boats. In cases where boats are beached on Dhidhdhoo, being too close to residential areas has made these activities a public nuisance and a health hazard. The project aims at providing a suitable space for boat owners of Dhidhdhoo and nearby islands for vessel beaching and related work on the island away from residential areas. The proposed project entails dredging a 24m by 266m access channel, 110m by 76m manoeuvring area and reclamation of 0.54Ha at the southwest side of the island. There are very few practical alternatives to the proposed project; alternatives to reclamation shape and location are assessed in the report. Environmental impacts were assessed for both the construction and operation phase of the project. Most of the environmental impacts of the project have been identified as positive resulting mainly from improved socio-economic situation of Dhidhdhoo. The main negative environmental impact of the project is identified to be the possible movement of low to moderate levels of sediment on the reef during dredging and reclamation. Movement and settlement of fine sediments are expected to occur on the reef flat to a small degree. However, effects of this would not be severe as sediment plume is not expected to last longer and live coral cover at the location is minimal. Overall, the negative environmental impacts of the project are short-term and of moderate significance while long term socio-economic benefits are numerous. Hence the impact matrices done for the project indicates a net positive impact. Impact mitigation measures are few. In order to mitigate movement of sediment plume onto the reef, bunds around reclamation area and creating settlement ponds during reclamation is suggested. Regular environmental monitoring and reporting is an essential element of the EIA process. During the construction phase, in-situ monitoring of total suspended solids and turbidity is usually undertaken in dredging and reclamation projects to ensure that water quality criteria are met and sedimentation on the reef does not occur. It is recommended to incorporate these into an island-wide monitoring programme, which is not within the scope of this EIA report. In conclusion, it appears justified from a technical and environmental point of view to carry out the proposed project to develop a beaching area in Dhidhdhoo. However, before start of construction phase, the consultants recommend evaluating alternative reclamation shape proposed in this report; as to reduce potential impact of interrupting longshore sediment movement.Item Environmental impact assessment for the proposed breakwater construction in Hulhudhuffaru, Raa Atoll, Maldives(2016-02) SandcaysThe project is proposed by Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure. The project entails construction of breakwaters along the channel in the island of Hulhudhuffaru. A 130m long breakwater will be built on the northern side of the channel while 30 m structure will be built on the southern end. Additionally, the harbor basin will be dredged to obtain an even depth of 3m from MSL. Dredge material will be stockpiled north of the harbor. Proposed excavation and breakwater construction will be carried out using an excavator on barge, cranes and dump trucks. The project is expected to be completed within 250 days. Under the Maldives Environmental Protection and Preservation Act (Law No. 4/93) and EIA Regulation 2012, such developments require an EIA to be carried out and the environmental clearance is given in the form of a Decision Statement by EPA. The project proponent commissioned Sandcays Pvt. Ltd to carry out the EIA. The scope of the EIA report is to assess, identify, predict and document potential environmental impacts from the proposed breakwater replacement and maintenance dredging by Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure in Raa. Hulhudhuffaru. As the existing channel is rough and harbor basin has become shallow due to sediment deposition from surrounding areas, the key aim of the proposed project is to provide a safe access and mooring area for as many vessels as possible during both the monsoons. Baseline environmental conditions of the site have been undertaken for which environmental impacts from the project has been identified and evaluated. Also, some alternatives, in terms of alternative materials, design and dredge material disposal to the project as well as no project development option have been stated. Preferred options have been stated over alternatives for the proposed project implementation. The environmental impacts that are associated with the proposed breakwater construction are divided into construction phase and operation phase environmental impacts. Most of the construction phase environmental impacts are believed to occur from construction of breakwater and maintenance dredging. The main environmental impacts associated with the proposed project include changes in marine water quality and possible changes in oceanographic setting of the project area. As part of the proposed development, a number of mitigation measures will be taken into consideration; such as careful planning of the project implementation, reusing and appropriately disposing of construction waste and undertaking regular environmental monitoring to asses any changes to the environment due to project activities and formulate mitigation measures to unexpected impacts. The overall environmental performance will be monitored by an environmental monitoring framework that will be implemented as part of the proposed breakwater construction project on Raa. Hulhudhuffaru.Item Environmental impact assessment for the proposed brine discharge line Hulhumalé Industrial Zone Kaafu Atoll, Maldives(2015-10) SandcaysThis report discusses the findings of an environmental impact study for the construction and operation of the proposed brine discharge line in Industrial Zone of Hulhumalé to allow ENSIS Factory to discharge the brine from their registered desalination plant as well as to provide the same for other industries who may require the service in future. The project involves construction of a pump well with a small dewatering pump that will pump the water from the location of the pump to the discharge location. The brine discharge line from the factory to the pump well would be a gravity line running along the side of the existing roads. The Proponent of this project is Housing Development Corporation (HDC), which has the primary function of providing housing and development infrastructure for Hulhumalé. The objective of the brine discharge line is to facilitate the ENSIS factory’s brine discharge while providing the same opportunity for other factories that may require the service once their desalination plants have been registered. Initially, the charges for the construction and operation of the brine discharge line will be borne by ENSIS Group, which would be compensated for as other factories connect their brine discharge line. An appropriate mechanism would be established. The depth of the pump well will be about 1.5m. Given the high elevation of the reclaimed land of Hulhumalé, only a small degree of dewatering may be required during the construction of the pump well. If required, dewatering will be carried out after necessary approvals under the Dewatering Regulation of the Maldives. The discharge line will run between the ENSIS factory and the quawall at the harbour area, where the brine will be discharged. Section of road will be excavated while a small section of asphalt road would be cut across to make way for the pipes, which will be made good once the pipes are laid. The discharge area is a dredged basin which is open to the Hulhumalé lagoon and at least 500m from the inner reefline on the western side of Hulhumalé. Due to shortage of fresh water supply during early development stage of the Industrial Zone in Hulhumalé, some developers had to install their own desalination plants to cater to their production demand. Similarly, a temporary discharge pipe had to be laid for waste and RO reject water disposal due to absence of sewer network in the area. On top of that, MWSC, the sole water and sewerage service provider for Hulhumalé has indicated to HDC that MWSC may start sewage treatment in 2015 and RO reject water may affect the treatment process. Most of the industries including the ENSIS fish factory needs large volumes of water and for that reason the factory has installed and recently registered their desalination plant with the Environmental Protection Agency. However, the application for the brine discharge line in the industrial zone has been held for over a year pending the resolution of the matter with MWSC. It is crucial that ENSIS factory is allowed to proceed to operate their registered RO plant. Therefore, HDC wishes to provide a separate brine discharge line for ENSIS and other similar industries demanding for the service. The proposed brine discharge line will ease the current difficulties faced by ENSIS and other factories in the industrial area. These industries are responsible for several job opportunities and contribute well to the state revenue and national GDP. ENSIS factory not only contributes to the fishery exports but also to sustainable fisheries and minimizes dependence on imports in a country where almost everything is imported. The impact area is the area to be excavated for the pipeline and the discharge location. The proposed project will have some minor negative impacts on the discharge location. However, the discharge location is the deepened/dredged lagoon, where there is no coral cover of any sort and the nearest housereef is about 500m from the discharge location. Therefore, the impact is of no significance. The impacts within the island will mainly consist of possible small scale and temporal changes to topography from laying out the pipe network and temporary negative effects on groundwater quality (if any). Since there were no significant environmental impacts identified for the proposed project, mitigation measure were general construction phase guidelines such as dust control measures and waste management plans. A monitoring programme has been suggested for at least two years. The monitoring would mainly focus on the water quality at the brine discharge location.Item Environmental impact assessment for the proposed coastal modifications at Vakarufalhi Island Resort, South Ari Atoll, Maldives(2013-08) SandcaysThis report discusses the findings of an Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed dredging of the existing entrance channel and mooring area at the Service Jetty on the southwest lagoon of Vakarufalhi, South Ari Atoll. The project is proposed by Vakarufalhi Island Resort operated by Mount Lavinia Hotel Group. Vakarufalhi is one of the renowned resorts in the Maldives with luxury beach and water villas, spa, restaurants and bars. The project is targeted at improving access by dredging or maintenance dredging of the existing access channel and mooring area at the service jetty (Jetty B), which is used for supplies and other access needs apart from tourist movements. The dredging of the channel and mooring area is proposed to be undertaken using excavator and truck or mini loader used for moving sand ashore. The volume of the dredged sand is estimated to be about 8500m3 and is proposed to be disposed to the beach after sieving the sand and leftover rubble will be disposed appropriately, either on identified location on land or dumped offshore. Environmental impacts were assessed for both the construction and operation phase of the project. Most of the impacts of the project have been identified as positive resulting mainly from improved access and mooring, improved services, direct and indirect employment opportunities, increase in related business ventures, and so on. The main negative environmental impact of the project is identified to be the possible movement of sediment towards the reef. The movement and settlement of fine sediments are expected to occur mainly on the reef flat, which is predominantly dead. The sedimentation on the reef slope and edge is expected to be low and sediment settlement almost negligible due to good flushing and currents in the area. Therefore, the environmental impacts of the project are considered to be of minor significance and short-term. The project is undertaken due to the socio-economic benefits that entail including easy access at all tides creating improved guest transfers and services. The impact matrices done for the project indicates a net positive impact, however, the magnitude of the net positive impact is small possibly due to the small size of the project. Important mitigation measures that have been identified include the following: 1. Proper setting out of the dredge area to ensure that only the areas where dredging is required will be dredged and coral damage is minimized. 2. Upon setting out, all live coral in the dredge area (borrow areas) shall be moved to safety and transplanted in the nearest safe location prior to dredging. The safe location shall be determined based on the prevailing current direction. 3. Sieve the dredge material before using the material for beach nourishment, so that beach is free from rubble. 4. Excavator movement shall be minimized, therefore, truck or mini loader shall be used for moving the sand from the borrow area to land. Truck movement between the island and the dredge area shall be by using a temporary low bed that is at or slightly below low tide level. Therefore, the moving the dredge material to land would take place during low to medium tide for the safety of the operation. This is considered sufficient based on experience from similar projects. This bed shall be removed at the end of the construction phase. 5. General mitigation measures such as appropriate supervision during the civil works and staff awareness on environmental protection shall be in place. Supervision and environmental guidance shall focus on ensuring that fuelling of excavator and other machinery is undertaken with caution. During the construction phase, it is also vital to undertake daily in-situ monitoring of total suspended solids and turbidity to ensure that water quality criteria are met and sedimentation on the reef does not occur. In addition, monitoring of low tide line, high tide line, water quality and drogues shall be undertaken for a minimum of 2 years. It is recommended to incorporate these into an island-wide monitoring programme, which is not within the scope of this EIA report. In conclusion, it appears justified from a technical and environmental point of view, to carry out the proposed project to dredge the existing entrance channel and proposed mooring area on the southwest of Vakarufalhi resort.Item Environmental impact assessment for the proposed coastal modifications Chaaya Lagoon Hakuraa Huraa(2013-10) SandcaysThis report addresses the environmental concerns of the proposed first phase of the coastal modifications including installation of groynes and sand pumping for beach nourishment on the western end of Chaaya Lagoon Hakuraa Huraa, Meemu Atoll. This project has been previously approved and due to delays in implementation, the project is further scrutinized including changes to the proposed shore protection structures and new EIA. Hakuraa Huraa, like several other resorts and inhabited islands across the Maldives, is subjected erosion and coastal protection structures have been constructed. These mainly include the groynes and seawall structures on the eastern side as well as temporary sandbag groynes and revetments on severely eroding areas on the proposed western end of the island. The southern side and the eastern and western ends are prone to severe erosion while the northern side has always had accretion. There had never been any beach nourishment despite having a groyne field on the southern side. Therefore, the effectiveness of the groyne field on the southern side has not been known. The southern side with a long stretch of shallow reef flat faces the atoll rim. Therefore, this side is constantly subjected to the swell-induced crossshore movement of sediment. Hence, groyne field on the southern side may not be effective. However, on the eastern and western ends of the island, there is a strong longshore current and groynes are expected to be quite suitable for these two ends of the island. Hence, a groyne field is proposed for the western side, which is being considered as a first phase of the shore protection project. The groynes will be constructed using rock boulders with a core enclosed by geotextile. A small volume of about 500tons of rock boulders is estimated for the proposed groyne field. In addition, the groyne field and part of the southeastern shoreline will be filled with sand pumped from a location on the southern side where there is ample sand. The location will be about 150m from the island’s shoreline, which is the most practicable distance for sand pumping using most of the sand pumps currently available in the Maldives. A sand pump is most suited due to its small size and dredgers would not be feasible due to the small volume, which is 5,500m3 of sand. The second phase will be implemented based on the success of the first phase and would most probably replicate the groyne field proposed in this phase. However, the second phase components are not considered within the scope of this EIA report. Sand pumping is necessary in order to fill eroded areas even if structural protection is provided. In most cases, regular beach nourishment by pumping sand would be required. However, in the proposed project, what is proposed is a one-off pumping and additional pumping requirements will be established based on findings of follow-up monitoring so that regular beach nourishment for the proposed area will be considered within the scope of the EIA for the second phase. The negative impacts to environment due to the construction of groynes and beach nourishment is mainly during the construction phase which include impacts due to mobilisation, construction noise and machinery movement. However, these are considered to be minor negative given the prevailing environmental conditions at Hakuraa Huraa. The negative impacts of sand pumping for both borrow and fill areas include loss of habitats for some bottom dwelling organisms in the nearshore environment (mud feeding, filter feeding and juvenile fish etc). However, this is not a significant ecosystem in the Maldives, especially in Hakuraa Huraa, where the reef extent is very large and the biodiversity of nearshore ecosystem is low. Therefore, the impact significance is almost negligible. Also, the impact from sedimentation and sediment re-suspension is low due to good flow of currents in the area. There will be no sedimentation impact on the reef. The positive impacts of shore protection and beach nourishment will be that it will help to protect coastal vegetation as well as coastal properties and other amenities, particularly on the south-western corner as well as the northwestern corner, where the coffee shop is under threat of erosion. There will also be socio-economic impacts including tax revenue and short-term employment. The overall environmental impacts of the project assessed using appropriate matrices, professional experience/judgement and the results of continuous environmental monitoring over the past few years indicated that the proposed project is expected to have net positive impacts compared to a few negative environmental impacts. There will be no irreplaceable damage to any of the environmental components. The resort has a comprehensive environmental monitoring plan in place and monitoring recommended under the proposed project will form an integral part of the current practice. Given that the project has several advantages or benefits compared to a few minor negative environmental impacts, it is recommended to allow the project to proceed as proposed.Item Environmental impact assessment for the proposed coastal modifications Sheraton Full Moon Resort and Spa(2012-11) SandcaysThis report addresses the environmental concerns of the proposed sand pumping for beach nourishment and minor modifications and repairs to existing coastal protections structures in Sheraton Full Moon Resort and Spa, located on Furanafushi, North Malé Atoll. This resort, like several other resorts and inhabited islands across the Maldives, is subjected erosion and several coastal protection structures have been constructed. The resort has been undertaking a beach nourishment program for quite some time, which has been suspended temporarily for environmental clearance by the Tourism Ministry as structural modifications and unregulated beach enhancement have caused damages to the environment. Continuous beach nourishment, where it is feasible due to natural setting, is the most optimistic and reliable means of beach nourishment. In Full Moon, continuous beach nourishment is quite feasible and has been proposed. In addition, almost the entire perimeter of the island shoreline has been protected by various structures including breakwater, seawall, groyne and revetments using various materials such as concrete, coral rubble and tetrapods. Some of these structures, especially the rubble mound breakwaters on the southern face of the island needs regular repair. Solutions are being sought everyday to protect the ocean villas on the eastern periphery from wave attack, so the tetrapod revetment behind the concrete seawall in the area needs constant improvements. Therefore, it is also proposed to consider sand pumping with minimal structural protection in order to improve the beaches as well as aesthetics of the coastal environment. The management will continue to undertake monitor the coastal changes so that decisions to modify the coastal zone is based on about a year’s data for hydrodynamic processes. Sand pumping is a feasible and less environmentally damaging option than other shore protection options given that the coral reef areas are at a considerable distance from the beach. It is also a more aesthetically acceptable option. Sand pumping has very low negative environmental impact but considerably improves the appeal and aesthetics of the resort thereby increasing tourist satisfaction. Sand pumping is also necessary in order to fill eroded areas even if structural protection is provided. The negative impacts to environment include loss of habitats for some bottom dwelling organisms in the nearshore environment (mud feeding, filter feeding and juvenile fish etc). However, this is not a significant ecosystem in the Maldives, especially in Furanafushi the impact significance is almost negligible. Also, the impact from sedimentation and sediment re-suspension is low due to good flow of currents in the area. The same impact on the borrow areas may be slightly more given slightly higher diversity and abundance of organisms in those areas. However, even this is low in the case of Furanafushi given that the sand borrow areas will be from the already dredged areas as well as naturally existing deep lagoon with sandy bottom. Also, the impact significance of siltation or sedimentation is low with almost negligible impact on the reef. The same applies to small modifications or repairs to the existing coastal structures. The positive impacts of resuming beach nourishment will be that it will help to protect coastal properties (e.g. guest rooms) and other amenities, particularly on the southern side and part of the northern side, where beach is required for tourists. Similarly, protecting the ocean villas on the east would help to bring an end to guest complaints and improve guest satisfaction. Some modifications to existing groyne field on the north may help to retain beach for longer and minimize the frequency of beach nourishment. Possible improvements to the existing breakwaters including the option of gradually changing the coral rubble to rock boulders, for instance, would also help to improve the environmental outlook of the resort and improve beach erosion problems. The overall environmental impacts of the project assessed using appropriate matrices, professional experience/judgement and the results obtained on existing situation of Sheraton Full Moon Resort and Spa indicated that the proposed project has net positive impacts compared to overall negative environmental impacts. Given that the project has major socioeconomic benefits although there would be some minor negative environmental impacts, it is recommended to allow the project to proceed as proposed. Environmental monitoring recommended for the project includes the monitoring of the shorelines and beach profiles at project site before, during and after the works. Marine water quality including turbidity, salinity, conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen and total suspended solids need to be monitored during the sand pumping operation and every three months thereafter. Annual monitoring reports have to be submitted to the Environmental Protection Agency during the monitoring period. Regular monitoring is important because the environmental clearance that will be given after two years from the initial approval would be given based on regular environmental monitoring records of the past two years.Item Environmental impact assessment for the proposed commercial sand mining project at Fushidhiggarufalhu, South Malé Atoll(2017-11) SandcaysThis report discusses the findings of an environmental impact assessment undertaken for the purpose of approval for commercial sand mining at Fushidhiggarufalhu in South Malé Atoll. The project is proposed by Endheri and Sons, who are currently involved in manual sand mining activities in Kaafu Atoll. The EIA is required because the Proponent wishes to use pumps for sand mining to increase their productivity and subsequent sales. The project involves the mining of sand by using sand pump at Fushidhiggarufalhu in South Malé Atoll. This lagoon has been approved for sand mining by the government. However, according to the Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture, sand mining using sand pumps or other machinery and mining of large volumes of sand for commercial purposes would require EIA for approval. The Proponent wishes to use a 4 or 6-inch sand pump for mining sand from Fushidhiggaru lagoon. The project does not cover the fill location but pumping into containers and transporting the containers in dhoni or other vessel. Appropriate locations have been identified at the edges of the deep lagoon areas. It is estimated that if these areas are dredged to the same depth as the adjoining deep lagoon, over 600,000m3/ of sand may be taken from these areas. This would be equal to about 3 years of continuous sand mining using a 6-inch sand pump. Environmental impacts identified for the project are slightly positive overall due to the socio-economic benefits from the project. The main positive impacts are revenue and employment opportunities. The use of pumps will also reduce the safety concerns associated with manual mining, which has added benefits. The use of pumps makes the mining process less manual, therefore, safer for the workforce while increasing the productivity. This does not necessarily mean reduced workforce as additional job opportunities would be created. However, the socio-economic benefits of the project are not so strong due to the scale of the project. There is the concern that other sand miners will follow suit in which case it would be necessary to identify different locations for different miners and geographic areas that can be mined and to make other arrangements such as security posts. There is the potential for growth in the sand mining industry especially with the growing construction industry and several resorts in Malé Atoll where regular beach nourishment is a necessity but where there are no lagoon areas from which sand can be pumped. However, there are very few places in Malé Atoll from where sand can be mined as most of the lagoons have been leased for resort development. In fact, Fushidhiggarufalhu was previously leased for resort development and would possibly be leased again in the near future. There are no positive environmental impacts related to the project although it may be argued that sand mining would be an important activity that will reduce the dependence on imported construction material, which has large environmental impacts related to transport. The negative environmental impacts related to mining of sand using sand pumps include increased sedimentation during filling. The sediment as it flows from the vessel and into the marine environment would have some degree of unwanted particles including traces of oil and rust particles that would be on the vessel. Therefore, it would be important to keep the top of the vessel, where the containers are filled, clean and tidy at all times. The proposed borrow areas are several hundred metres from the reef areas, therefore, the impacts of sedimentation are not expected to degrade the closest reef areas. Yet, sediment control measures shall be in place in and outside the vessel. Since the project has minor negative impacts, an assessment of alternatives was not considered necessary. However, since the approved Terms of Reference requires alternative borrow areas and methods to be identified, three alternative borrow areas in Malé Atoll (near Malé) and alternative work methods of excavation including using of excavator has been identified. The only possible alternative borrow locations in Malé Atoll are Gulhee Falhu, Thilafalhu and the southwest end of Velassarufalhu. These locations would have greater conflicts of interest than the Fushidhiggarufalhu at present. However, Fushidhiggarufalhu will have conflicts in case it is leased for resort development, which could be the case soon. The alternative of using excavator for mining sand would not be acceptable due to the large degree of sedimentation that it would cause followed by aesthetic impacts. It would also not be feasible due to depth limitations. However, grab hoppers with large grab buckets may be considered a more feasible option for sand mining using machinery. In conclusion, it appears justified from a technical, administrative and environmental point of view, to carry out the proposed project. While a strict monitoring programme is not necessary, it is proposed to monitor and report to EPA the depths of the dredged areas and marine transect from a fixed location in the closest marine areas every six months.Item Environmental impact assessment for the proposed development of a harbor : Nellaidhoo, Haa Dhaal Atoll, Maldives(2011-03) SandcaysThis report addresses the environmental concerns of the proposed harbour development in Nellaidhoo, Haa Dhaal Atoll. The primary objective of the project is to provide safe and adequate access to the island. As such the project encompasses dredging of a channel and harbour basin, construction of quay wall and breakwaters and the reclamation of areas to the north and south of the harbour basin and part of boat beaching area on the northern end of the proposed harbour. The proposed harbour is about 150ft x 400ft and is located on the eastern side of the island. However, the island community wishes to increase the width to 200ft and this has been proposed as an alternative to the project. Since there is a dredged channel and access area clearing already being used in the area adjacent to the proposed harbour location, it was decided that this proposed location would be better suited based on recommendations of the Harbour Committee as well as other key members who met the Proponent. It would also allow changes to the size of the harbour, which is one of the main requirements of the community. However, in order to achieve the required width of 200ft for the harbour it would be possible if the quay wall is set on the existing beach line as the reef flat is relatively small. It was also believed that the proposed location has already been subject to the impacts of dredging and therefore, further cumulative impacts to this area would be preferable to impacts on new areas in their natural state. Furthermore, it was observed from the environmental surveys that the reef was relatively dormant at the proposed location where previous dredging had occurred in the vicinity. The live coral in this area, close to the entrance channel, represents 23% compared to 55% on the west and 53% on the north-northwest side of the island. Based on this finding it is believed that this area can be considered for the proposed harbour on the assumption that damage has already occurred to the environment in this area. The main reason for the proposed harbour to be located in this location is for the reason that the harbour can be safely used in most part of the year even though considerable size swell waves occur in this proposed location. In addition, the location has its merits of being in an area already used by the community and its close proximity to the residential areas. This area is regarded as the face of the island. Yet, this area is also the lee of the island during the southwest monsoon with sand accumulating in the area. Therefore, a harbour here will have to be carefully designed to minimize any salient formation that would cause erosion around the island. This has been evident in the recent years following the dredging of the channel here with sand from elsewhere being deposited in the channel area. To combat such severe erosion and loss of beach from such a beautiful island, it would be necessary to think of an alternative location that would have less impact on the sand transport around the island. That would be the the south-southeast side of the island. Given that the south side would be generally calmer than the north side, the south-southeast side of the island was considered to be the ideal location to address this issue. Some elderly respondents from the island also felt that the alternative south-southeast location would be better than the proposed location to address erosion issues and for providing access in a cost-effective manner. Environmental Protection Agency also identified in the scoping meeting that the southeast would generally be the most favourable location for a harbour. However, in the case of Nellaidhoo, damage has already occurred to reef in the previously dredged channel area. Therefore, location has to be carefully chosen after evaluating the socioeconomic, cultural and environmental impacts of the project. It was identified from the environmental surveys that the reef in the south-southeast area is relatively inactive compared to rest of the reef around the island. Hence, this will be the location with minimum impact to reef. The overall environmental impacts of the project have been assessed using appropriate matrices and the results indicated that the proposed project had net positive impact. Given that the project has major socio-economic benefits although there would be some negative environmental impacts, it is recommended to allow the project to proceed as proposed. However, alternative analysis indicates that there is a strong argument for protecting the beaches and minimizing impact on the littoral transport regime. Therefore, the reclaimed sides of the harbour north and south in the proposed layout needs to have protection structures to minimize erosion behind the qauywall side walls. This design is considered to be suitable for both the proposed and the recommended alternative locations, which are the eastern side and south-south-eastern side respectively. Environmental monitoring recommended for the project includes the monitoring of the shorelines of Nellaidhoo, water quality and drogue studies of the coastal area for at least two years from the onset of the proposed project implementation. Monitoring is also expected to cover public views and grievances about the project culture and harbour management information such as nos. of vessels that use the harbour. Annual monitoring reports have to be submitted to the Environmental Protection Agency over the monitoring period.Item Environmental impact assessment for the proposed development of a harbour : Kudafari, Noonu Atoll, Maldives(2010-06-01) SandcaysThis report addresses the environmental concerns of the proposed harbour development in Kudafari, Noonu Atoll. The primary objective of the project is to provide safe and adequate access to the island. As such the project encompasses partial dredging of an existing channel and basin, construction of quaywall and breakwaters and the reclamation of a boat beaching area on the southern end of the proposed harbour. The proposed harbour is located on eastern side in the same location as the existing multi-purpose jetty leading to a dredged basin. The jetty is weak and needs to be replaced. The proposed harbour project falls within the Access Improvement Programme, the size of harbours under the programme being 200ft x 300ft. However, on request from the island community, who wants to have a 600ft long quaywall, a 465ft quaywall has been proposed. Since there is a dredged basin already in the proposed location, it was decided that the proposed location would be better suited based on recommendations of the Harbour Committee as well as other key members who met the Proponent and Contractor separately. It would also be less costly, therefore, would allow changes to the size of the harbour, which is one of the main requirements of the community. It was also believed that the proposed location has already been subject to the impacts of dredging and reclamation, therefore, further cumulative impacts to this area would be preferable to impacts on new areas in their natural state. However, it was identified from the environmental surveys that the reef was most live at the proposed location where previous dredging had occurred. The live coral in this area, close to the entrance channel, represents 49% compared to 17% on the west and 3% on the north-northwest side of the island. Based on this finding it is believed that this area need not necessarily be considered for the proposed harbour on the assumption that damage has already occurred to the environment in this area. There is also a great surf break in this area, which happens to be the starting point for surfing in the Maldives. However, the development of the harbour is not expected to have impacts on the surf break whereas the harbour could be designed in such a way that easy access to the surf break can be provided. The main reason for the proposed harbour to be located in the same location as the existing jetty is its closeness to the primary institutions such as the island office as well as the residential areas. This area is regarded as the face of the island. Yet, this area is also the lee of the island during the southwest monsoon with sand accumulating in the area. Therefore, a harbour here will have to be carefully designed to minimize any salient formation that would cause erosion around the island. This has been evident in the recent years following the dredging of the basin here with sand from elsewhere being deposited in the basin. To combat such severe erosion and loss of beach from such a beautiful island, it would be necessary to think of an alternative location that would have less impact on the sand transport around the island. That would be the north and south sides of the island. Given that the south side would be generally calmer than the north side, the south-southwest side of the island was considered to be the ideal location to address this issue. Some elderly respondents from the island also felt that the alternative south-southwest location would be better than the proposed location to address erosion issues and for providing access in a cost-effective manner. Environmental Protection Agency also identified in the scoping meeting that the south-southwest would generally be the most favourable location for a harbour. However, in the case of Kudafari, damage has already occurred elsewhere. Therefore, location has to be carefully chosen after evaluating the socio-economic, cultural and environmental impacts of the project. The overall environmental impacts of the project have been assessed using appropriate matrices and the results indicated that the proposed project had net positive impact. Given that the project has major socio-economic benefits although there would be some negative environmental impacts, it is recommended to allow the project to proceed as proposed. However, alternative analysis indicates that there is a strong argument for protecting the beaches and minimizing impact on the littoral transport regime. Therefore, a satellite harbour with detached quaway at the breakwater side providing access from a piled concrete jetty was considered as the recommended alternative. This design is considered to be suitable for both the proposed and the recommended alternative locations, which are the eastern side and south-southwestern side respectively. Environmental monitoring recommended for the project includes the monitoring of the shorelines of Kudafari, water quality and drogue studies of the coastal area for at least two years from the onset of the proposed project implementation. Monitoring is also expected to cover public views and grievances about the project and guture harbour management information such as nos. of vessels that use the harbour. Annual monitoring reports have to be submitted to the Environmental Protection Agency over the monitoring period.Item Environmental impact assessment for the proposed development of a harbour Kurinbi, Haa Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives(2010-08) SandcaysThis report addresses the environmental concerns of the proposed harbour development in Kurinbi, Haa Dhaalu Atoll. The primary objective of the project is to provide safe and adequate access to the island. As such the project encompasses dredging and removal beach rock/reef flat, construction of quaywall and breakwaters and the filling of dredged materials on either side of the proposed harbour. The proposed harbour is located on eastern side close to the existing access channel. The proposed harbour project falls within the Access Improvement Programme, the size of proposed harbour under the programme is 150ft x 300ft. However, the island community in the community consultation meeting proposed to increase the width of the harbour from 150 ft to at least 200 ft by extending the harbour into landward side. Extending the breakwater into seaward side may not be possible due to close proximity of outer reef edge to shoreline where high swells and strong wave action take place. There are three access channels in use by the community. The most commonly used access channel is located at southern end of the proposed harbour location. However, the harbour location has been proposed in a fresh location. In the consultation meeting held with IDC the committee suggested that it would still be better if the proposed harbour location moved towards south approximately 200 ft such a way that harbour front will be at the eastern end of main road. The existing access channel at the southern side of the proposed harbour has been decided to use for boat beaching and services. The recommended harbour location, however is to move further south to enclose the existing channel within the proposed harbour basin. In terms of impact to environmental, moving the proposed harbour location to an already damaged location would be beneficial to environment as it would minimize further damage to natural environment dredging cost. The area is already been subjected to the impacts of dredging and is in active use, further cumulative impacts to this area would be preferable to impacts on new fresh areas in their natural state. It was also identified from the environmental surveys that the percentage of dead coral (25%) in the proposed location compared to the percentage (34%) of dead corals in the location already in use is low. Also in the environmental survey conducted in these locations indicated that fish population was more live and more diverse in the proposed location compared to the existing access channel area. Kurinbi located in the middle of the atoll, unlike other islands in the region, is continuously subjected to high swells and strong wave actions in all directions. Hence there is limited space for extending the harbour towards seaward side due to swell induced wave action. Hence the size of the harbour, particularly the width has been maintained at 150 ft by MHE which apparently is the maximum possible width that can draw from the available safe space while minimizing damage to the environment. The IDC raised the issue of small size of the harbour particularly the width of the harbour during the consultation meeting held at Kurinbi office on 17 July 2010. Community suggested increasing the width by extending towards landward side. This area is regarded as the face of the island. The overall environmental impacts of the project have been assessed using appropriate methodologies including data collection through a field survey, purpose build checklists and professional judgments. The overall results indicated that the proposed project had net positive impact. Given that the project has major socio-economic benefits although there would be some negative environmental impacts, it is recommended to allow the project to proceed as proposed. Environmental monitoring recommended for the project includes the monitoring of the shorelines of Kurinbi water quality and drogue studies of the coastal area for at least two years from the onset of the proposed project implementation. Monitoring is also expected to cover public views and grievances about the project and future harbour management information such as nos. of vessels that use the harbour. Annual monitoring reports have to be submitted to the Environmental Protection Agency over the monitoring period.Item Environmental impact assessment for the proposed development of an agricultural island Dhurureha Thaa Atoll, Maldives(2017-09) SandcaysThis report discusses the findings of a social and environmental impact study under the proposed development of agriculture on Dhururehaa, Thaa Atoll. The project is proposed by Mohamed Latheef. The proponent aims at developing Dhurureha as an agricultural island; providing job opportunities, reducing dependency on imported produce and ultimately working towards economic diversification and growth of Maldivian economy. The agricultural activities on Dhurureha will be carried out in greenhouses as a hydroponics system. A total of 12 greenhouses (100ft by 50ft each) is proposed to be built for growing tomato, capsicum, bell pepper and lettuce. Additionally, a 60m by 30m nursery will be built on the island. Access to the island is to be provided by dredging an access channel and a 200m jetty. Water requirement for the project is to be met by utilizing an RO plant. A suitable size diesel generator will be used throughout the project to meet power requirement. Staff facilities such as accommodation, mesh room, mosque and office building will also be constructed on the island. A cold storage, general storage and small packaging facility will also be constructed on the island during construction stage. A waste collection and management station will be established for using during construction phase and operational phase of the project At present, Dhurureha is an uninhabited island not used for any purpose. However, locals of the nearby communities use the island to collect coconuts, go on picnics and gather firewood. Alternatives to project components have been identified in the project document. These include alternative uses of the island such as for a tourist resort. However, upon closer analysis of these options, the proposed development of the island for agricultural purpose was found to be more viable based on the present circumstances under which the island has been leased. Therefore, the consultants propose exploring use of alternative renewable sources to the proposed fuel based energy generation. Environmental impacts were assessed for both the construction and operation phase of the project. Most of the environmental impacts of the project have been identified as minor negative with highly positive socio-economic impacts. The main negative impacts from the project include habitat loss from vegetation clearance, sedimentation and consequent impacts on marine wildlife health and waste generation during the operational phase. The mitigation measures outlined for these impacts include conserving mature trees to the greatest possible extent, relocating large live corals at the proposed access channel area and establishing dust control plans in addition to employing best-practice guidelines during the operational phase. The most positive socio-economic impacts related to the project are increase in job opportunities, reduction in prices of agricultural produce and increase of national revenue. It is inevitable that there would be some negative environmental impacts. However, most of the impacts of the proposed project are minor compared to the positive socio-economic benefits of the proposed system. Yet, monitoring to ensure the effectiveness of the proposed project would be necessary. Therefore, a monitoring component has been suggested which takes in to consideration, the most important elements that require regular checks. This monitoring component will be adhered to and will allow the assessment of changes due to construction and implementation of the proposed agriculture project. Monitoring is specifically focussed on employment opportunities, price changes in the market, direct and indirect economic ventures, ground and marine water quality, changes in the hydrodynamics of the project area as well as impacts on the reef or marine ecological area of importance. In conclusion, it appears justified from a technical and environmental point of view, to carry out the proposed project to develop Dhurureha as an agricultural island.Item Environmental impact assessment for the proposed development of an agricultural island Faadhoo Lhaviyani Atoll, Maldives(2017-11) SandcaysThis report discusses the findings of a social and environmental impact study under the proposed development of agriculture on Faadhoo, Lhaviyani Atoll. The project is proposed by Open Blue Pvt. Ltd. The project aims to use Faadhoo island for agriculture, and produce both local varieties, and some of the imported food. Among the proposed activities to be carried out on the island include the horticulture of watermelons, papayas, tomatoes, lettuce, herbs, salads, and mushrooms. Under the proposed project, there will be clearance of about 1.7ha of the land for construction of necessary infrastructure and construction of a jetty for access to the island. Services related to the proposed project such as water, sewerage, energy and waste will also be established during the construction phase. At present, Faadhoo is an uninhabited island not used for any official industrial or recreational purpose. There are two wetland areas listed as an environmental sensitive area (by EPA) on the island. The larger of the two wetlands has a mangal vegetation of 2.8ha (including the water body), dominated by Rhizophora mucronata (Ran’doo) and Bruguiera cylindrica (Kandoo); while the smaller one has a mangal vegetation of 0.5ha; with same species of mangroves. The proposed project activities will not fall within the boundary of these areas and the proponent has included a buffer zone between the ESA and project infrastructure. The small size of the Maldivian islands, and the absence of adequate natural freshwater supplies make it hard for the majority of food in the Maldives to be grown and harvested on a commercial scale within the country. Furthermore, climatic factors render it difficult to produce the imported food as well. However, there are some species such as melons, papayas, tomatoes, bananas, various herbs, and salads which can be farmed and harvested economically. The produce can be sold to the tourism industry, which imports majority of the agricultural products from other countries. Hence, the main goal of this project is to develop the agricultural industry of the Maldives, and to potentially cater for the market demand from tourism, as well as the local market. Alternatives for the proposed project have been identified in this document. These include alternative uses of the island such as development of the island as an ecotourism site due to the presence of a mangrove site, or leaving the island as it is in its natural state, which in the future may potentially increase the value of the island. The consultants recommend exploring use of renewable energy alternatives highlighted as well as organic farming and vertical farming to increase efficiency of space usage under this project. Environmental impacts were assessed for both the construction and operation phase of the project. Most of the environmental impacts of the project have been identified as minor negative, with positive socio-economic impacts, especially if the agricultural methods are done organically, or with limited use of fertilisers and pesticides. The main negative impacts from the project include biomass and habitat loss from vegetation clearance, sedimentation and consequent impacts on marine wildlife, and waste generation and effluents, especially during the operational phase. The mitigation measures outlined for these impacts include conserving mature trees to the greatest possible extent, creating vegetation buffer zones, and habitat corridors, using organic agricultural methods, using natural biofertilizers and pesticides and establishing dust and emission control plans, in addition to employing best-practice guidelines for agriculture during the operational phase. The most positive socio-economic impacts related to the project are reduction in prices of agricultural produce, and increase of national revenue, and job opportunities. A monitoring mechanism to ensure the effectiveness of the proposed project is also included in this document. This monitoring component allows for the assessment of changes that will occur during the construction and implementation of the proposed agriculture project. Monitoring is specifically focussed on environmental aspects such as ground and marine water quality, changes in the hydrodynamics of the project area, as well as impacts on the reef or marine ecological area, agricultural methods, and social aspects such as labour and occupational health and safety aspects. In conclusion, the proposed project is justified in terms of environmental impacts based on predicted economic and social benefits of the project. As such, the consultants are of the opinion the project may proceed as proposed; provided the recommended mitigation measures and environmental monitoring program is implemented.Item Environmental impact assessment for the proposed development of an agricultural island on Hukurudhoo, Alif Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives(2016-06) SandcaysThis report provides the finding of an environmental impact assessment carried out for the proposed agricultural development project on Alif Dhaalu Hukurdhoo. The project is proposed by an individual, Aminath Arusha Ibrahim. The project targets at using Hukurudhoo to produce high value agricultural produce to be sold to the local market. The project is believed to produce fresher and higher quality agricultural produce such as lettuce, tomato capsicum and bell pepper; most of which are imported at high price in the current market. The aim of the project is to reduce dependency on imported agricultural goods as well as make better produce available from the Maldivian market at a reasonable price. Under the project, roughly 1ha of the island will be cleared and a small harbor (100m by 150m) will be constructed. Services related to the project, such as staff accommodation, power, water and storage facilities will also be established on the island during the construction phase. Environment Impact Assessment is required before undertaking any developmental project such as agriculture development that may have a significant negative impact on the natural environment of the island under Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012. Hence, this report is written to fulfill the legal obligations under the EIA regulation. The proposed agricultural development on Hukurudhoo will produce majority of the produce via hydroponics, as such plots dedicated to farm 4 main crops are designated on the island; Tomato: 1134m2 Lettuce: 1244m2 Capsicum: 1244m2 Bell pepper: 1244m2 The baseline environmental conditions were assessed using standard methods. Environmental impacts were identified and assessed for both construction phase and operational phase of the project. Some of the environmental impacts of the project have been identified as positive resulting mainly from improved socio-economic conditions, increased economic activities in Alif Dhaalu Atoll as a whole, direct and indirect employment opportunities, and increased business opportunities. The main negative environmental impacts of the project are identified to be the changes to the island ecosystem from clearance of vegetation and impact on the EIA for the Proposed Development of Agriculture on ADh. Hukurudhoo Proponent: Aminath Arusha Ibrahim P a g e | xii Consultant: Sandcays marine environment from sedimentation due to harbor construction work. The main mitigation measures for the proposed project would be that clearance take place only where necessary and dredging activities be carried out within a short period of time. Septic tanks systems have been proposed for disposing human waste and pose no long-term negative environmental impact considering the small number of people expected to be based on the island. The activities proposed in the project comply with the environmental laws of the Maldives, its rules and regulations, including requirements of those agencies relevant to the agricultural development works enforcement. Alternatives have been identified in the project document. These include alternative for a remote harbor in contrast to the proposed embedded design. Also, “no-development” option was also analyzed so that the island could be used by local community as is currently being used. However, upon closer analysis of these options, the proposed development of the island for agricultural purpose was found to be more viable based on the present circumstances under which the island has been leased. Therefore, the consultants propose exploring use of alternative renewable sources to the proposed fuel based energy generation. It is inevitable that there would be some negative environmental impacts. However, most of the impacts of the proposed project are minor compared to the positive socio-economic benefits of the proposed system. Yet, monitoring to ensure the effectiveness of the proposed project would be necessary. Therefore, a monitoring component has been suggested which takes in to consideration, the most important elements that require regular checks. This monitoring component will be adhered to and will allow the assessment of changes due to construction and implementation of the proposed agriculture project. Monitoring is specifically focussed on employment opportunities, price changes in the market, direct and indirect economic ventures, ground and marine water quality, changes in the hydrodynamics of the project area as well as impacts on the reef or marine ecological area of importance. In conclusion, it appears justified from a technical and environmental point of view, to carry out the proposed project to develop Hukurudhoo as an agricultural island; nonetheless, the consultants suggest proponent to explore alternatives presented in this EIA prior to construction.Item Environmental impact assessment for the proposed development of an agricultural island on Linboakandhoo, Raa Atoll, Maldives(2016-01) SandcaysThis report discusses the findings of a social and environmental impact study under the proposed development of agriculture on Linboakandhoo, Raa Atoll. The project is proposed by Linboakandhoo Investment Pvt. Ltd. The project targets at using Linboakandhoo for agriculture and produce some of the imported fresh food locally to reduce cost to consumers and also provide them with better quality goods. Among the proposed activities to be carried out on the island includes coconut oil production and free range chicken farming. There will be clearance of about 2ha of the land and construction of a jetty. Services related to the proposed project such as water, sewerage, energy and waste will also be established during the construction phase. At present, Linboakandhoo is an uninhabited island not used for any purpose. However, locals of the nearby communities use the island to collect coconuts, go on picnics and gather firewood. Small sizes of the islands and absence of adequate natural freshwater supplies along with the climatic factors make it hard for majority of food imported to the Maldives to be planted and harvested on a commercial scale. However, there are some species such as melons, egg plants, bananas and coconut palms which can be farmed and harvested economically. The produce can be sold to the growing tourism industry which imports majority of their agricultural products from other countries. Hence, to develop the agricultural industry of the Maldives and to potentially cater mainly for the market demand from tourism was amongst main goals of this project. Alternatives have been identified in the project document. These include alternative uses of the island such as for a tourist resort. However, upon closer analysis of these options, the proposed development of the island for agricultural purpose was found to be more viable based on the present circumstances under which the island has been leased. Therefore, the consultants propose exploring use of alternative renewable sources to the proposed fuel based energy generation. Environmental impacts were assessed for both the construction and operation phase of the project. Most of the environmental impacts of the project have been identified as minor negative with highly positive socio-economic impacts. The main negative impacts from the project include habitat loss from vegetation clearance, sedimentation and consequent impacts on marine wildlife health and waste generation during the operational phase. The mitigation measures outlined for these impacts include conserving mature trees to the greatest possible extent, relocating large live corals at the proposed jetty area and establishing dust control plans in addition to employing best-practice guidelines during the operational phase. The most positive socio-economic impacts related to the project are increase in job opportunities, reduction in prices of agricultural produce and increase of national revenue. It is inevitable that there would be some negative environmental impacts. However, most of the impacts of the proposed project are minor compared to the positive socio-economic benefits of the proposed system. Yet, monitoring to ensure the effectiveness of the proposed project would be necessary. Therefore, a monitoring component has been suggested which takes in to consideration, the most important elements that require regular checks. This monitoring component will be adhered to and will allow the assessment of changes due to construction and implementation of the proposed agriculture project. Monitoring is specifically focussed on employment opportunities, price changes in the market, direct and indirect economic ventures, ground and marine water quality, changes in the hydrodynamics of the project area as well as impacts on the reef or marine ecological area of importance. In conclusion, it appears justified from a technical and environmental point of view, to carry out the proposed project to develop Linboakandhoo as an agricultural island.Item Environmental impact assessment for the proposed development of an agricultural island on Ungulu, Raa Atoll, Maldives(2016-05) SandcaysThis report provides the finding of an environmental impact assessment conducted for the proposal of an agricultural development at the island of Ungulu, Raa Atoll. Environment Impact Assessment is required before undertaking any developmental project such as agriculture development that may have a significant negative impact on the natural environment of the island under Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012. Hence, this report is written to fulfill the legal obligations under the EIA regulation. The project is proposed by Ms. Aasima Hassan and the island of R. Ungulu is also leased to Ms. Aasima in 2016 to develop agricultural activities. The proposed agricultural project, at Ungulu is based on production of high quality banana, papaya and coconuts for supplying produce to surrounding resort islands. This project also involves along with the establishment of commercial farming plots for banana, papaya and coconut plantation, small scale goat husbandry and poultry farm, establishment of a fuel reserve and infrastructure such as packing and storage facilities, utility facilities and staff quarters. The proposed development would produce some of the imported fresh food locally to reduce cost to consumers and also provide them with better quality goods. The proposed project has the following major components: Agro-Forestry: The concept of growing agricultural crops alongside forest trees, for integrated farming systems Banana (1100m2 plot), Papaya (1100m2 plot) and Coconut Plantation (3268m2 plot): areas are dedicated to growing banana, papaya and coconut palms with some areas allocated for native trees. Goat Husbandry and Poultry Farm: Providing goats to buyers for religious festivals and poultry products to the market. Fuel Storage Tanks: to store fuel needed for the operation of the power plant in the island Ungulu agriculture development project is part of the embodiment of the Government’s vision for promoting food security and to increase yield and optimum land use through improved and high yielding crops and hybrid varieties, cultivation designed for more sustainable and commercial scale agricultural produce such as year round banana produce and Maldivian coconut produce. The project would include infrastructure to support the project and land clearance for banana, papaya and coconut plantation. This project involves the establishment of commercial farming plots for banana, papaya and coconut plantation along with goat farm and poultry farm and utility and other required infrastructure such as packing and storage facility and staff accommodation. Construction of the buildings will be kept to a minimum; staff accommodation, kitchen / dining facilities will be constructed to accommodate about 20 people for the agricultural works. A small harbor is to be constructed on the southern side of the island while a small jetty will be constructed on the northern side of the island. The baseline environmental conditions were assessed using standard methods. Environmental impacts were identified and assessed for both construction phase and operational phase of the project. Some of the environmental impacts of the project have been identified as positive resulting mainly from improved socio-economic conditions, increased economic activities in Raa Atoll as a whole, direct and indirect employment opportunities, and increased business opportunities. The main negative environmental impacts of the project are identified to be the changes to the island ecosystem from clearance of vegetation and impact on the marine environment from sedimentation due to harbor construction work. The main mitigation measures for the proposed project would be that clearance take place only where necessary and dredging activities be carried out within a short period of time. Septic tanks systems have been proposed for disposing human waste and pose no long-term negative environmental impact considering the small number of people expected to be based on the island. The activities proposed in the project comply with the environmental laws of the Maldives, its rules and regulations, including requirements of those agencies relevant to the agricultural development works enforcement. Alternatives have been identified in the project document. These include alternative for a remote harbor in contrast to the proposed embedded design. Also, “no-development” option was also analyzed so that the island could be used by local community as is currently being used. However, upon closer analysis of these options, the proposed development of the island for agricultural purpose was found to be more viable based on the present circumstances under which the island has been leased. Therefore, the consultants propose exploring use of alternative renewable sources to the proposed fuel based energy generation. It is inevitable that there would be some negative environmental impacts. However, most of the impacts of the proposed project are minor compared to the positive socio-economic benefits of the proposed system. Yet, monitoring to ensure the effectiveness of the proposed project would be necessary. Therefore, a monitoring component has been suggested which takes in to consideration, the most important elements that require regular checks. This monitoring component will be adhered to and will allow the assessment of changes due to construction and implementation of the proposed agriculture project. Monitoring is specifically focussed on employment opportunities, price changes in the market, direct and indirect economic ventures, ground and marine water quality, changes in the hydrodynamics of the project area as well as impacts on the reef or marine ecological area of importance. In conclusion, it appears justified from a technical and environmental point of view, to carry out the proposed project to develop Ungulu as an agricultural island; nonetheless, the consultants suggest proponent to explore alternatives presented in this EIA prior to construction.Item Environmental impact assessment for the proposed development of new superior rooms at Club Med Kanifinolhu(2013-01) SandcaysThis report addresses the environmental concerns of the proposed 18 rooms on the northern end of Club Med Kanifinolhu, North Malé Atoll. The 18 rooms will be developed as 9 single units comprising each of 2 rooms. The northern end has a large expanse of land formed behind a seawall/revetment in the area. The rooms are to be built in this area, which has had a few coconut palms and an iron wood tree. This area is the only available land for development of rooms at Kanifinolhu resort. Therefore, to take advantage of the recently introduced 30% built-up area for resorts, Club Med Kanifinolhu is proposing to utilize this land to create rooms targeted for emerging middle markets. The area will be landscaped with the few mature coconut palms that have been removed from the site, additional young palms grown in the island’s nursery and transplanting about 16 more coconut palms from other potential development sites such as housing projects in local islands. In order to meet additional power requirements by the proposed rooms, 2 generator sets are currently being upgraded from 800kVA to 910kVA. For water supply, it has been estimated that about 15800litres will be required for the rooms and the existing RO plant would be able to handle this additional requirement. Sewage and wastewater will be connected to the existing sewerage network by gravity lines. Existing wastewater treatment plant is capable of handling these 18 rooms as well as potential future expansion. Project alternatives have been considered and as has been mentioned earlier, the best alternative is to construct the rooms as proposed. Water villas on the southeastern side may be a potential alternative with disadvantages over cost. Minimizing the number of villas is not an option and the most number of rooms possible is desirable to the Proponent. The main negative environmental impact from the proposed project considered by EPA as well as others (in the Scoping Meeting) is the potential risk of erosion and subsequent structural damage. However, it has been observed from a study of the historic satellite images provided by Google that the sand behind the revetment/seawall at the northern end is quite stable. Therefore, no risks are envisaged. There will be no significant negative impact during the proposed modification of the seawall or retaining wall on the northern end. Sedimentation will be very low and easily dispersed due to high currents in the area. In fact, the proposed modifications will further enhance the protection afforded by the structure and minimize erosion and would be more aesthetically appealing. The other negative impact will be the removal of coconut palms for clearing land for development, however, there are a few and they will be transplanted on the island, preferably at the same area with young coconut trees planted in Kanifinolhu nursery. Other impacts include possible noise disturbance to guests during the construction phase. They will be managed by the Management during the course of the project as usual. Additional rooms will add cumulatively to the emissions and effluents disposed to the environment including brine from desalination, treated wastewater from wastewater treatment and carbon emissions from power generation as well as solid waste. The cumulative impact from additional emissions is considered to be low. Increased awareness together with the use of energy and water efficient gadgets in the new rooms would help to minimize such impacts. Use of solar water heaters and other renewable energy options have already been considered within the scope of the project. The main socio-economic impact of the project is increasing bed capacity and subsequent public/government revenue. There will also be several employment opportunities and indirect economic ventures as a result of the project. In terms of their significance, all of the above impacts are considered to be minor to negligible. There are no direct or indirect impacts on the reef or other ecologically significant areas. Club Med Kanifinolhu has an ongoing environmental monitoring programme incorporating coastal hydrodynamics and marine water quality under the coastal modifications project undertaken in 2012. Therefore, additional monitoring requirements imposed by this project would cover air quality, RO Plant feed water and product water quality. These have been incorporated into this EIA and an overall monitoring programme for the island recommended. Given that the project has major socio-economic benefits and few minor negative environmental impacts, it is recommended to allow the project to proceed as proposed.
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