Browsing by Author | މުސައްނިފުން "Subbaram, Kannan"
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Item A narrative review comparing SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV highlighting their characteristic features, evolution and clinical outcomes(The Research Centre, Maldives National University, 2020-08) Subbaram, Kannan; Ali, SheezaCOVID‑19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 created a bio threat situation throughout the world. This article features evolution and clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. COVID‑19 originated in Wuhan, China and resulted in severe morbidity and mortality. Features of SARS are similar to COVID‑19. MERS exhibited a relatively milder disease, mainly in Middle East countries. Coronaviruses are large (100 nm) viruses exhibiting a spherical shape with a lipoprotein envelope and can cause diseases in animals and humans. All coronaviruses are sensitive to physicochemical agents. They attach to angiotensin Converting Enzyme -2 (ACE-2) and serine protease receptors of lungs. Literature review and genetic homology were conducted using data sources and bioinformatics tools for the comparison of SARSCoV- 2 with SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. Genome analysis between SARS-CoV-2 with SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV revealed that SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 are 95% related with each other whereas SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV are 65% related. SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 are genetically more related than MERS-CoV. Animal reservoirs for SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 may be bats, pangolins, etc. MERS can be transmitted from infected camels. SARS-CoV-2 might have evolved from SARS-CoV-1 or from another animal reservoir coronavirus. It can be transmitted from infected animals and humans through respiratory route. Strict public health measures such as physical distancing and maintaining good hygiene should be taken to contain their community spread. SARS-CoV-2 can undergo antigenic variation resulting in difficulty to develop drugs and vaccines. COVID‑19 has caused a severe blow to the economy of both developed and developing nations.Item Systematic review : vitamin D deficiency in women and correlation with lifestyle for women : a focus on Asian women(The Maldives National Journal of Research, 2023-12) Un Naher, Zeba; Huda, Aminath; Subbaram, Kannan; Manandhar, Punya Laxmi; Parveen, K M Huria; ޒީބާ އުން ނެހަރް; އާމިނަތު ހުދާ; ކައްނަން ސުއްބަރަމް; ޕުންޔާ ލަކްސްމީ މަނަންދަރް; ކ މ ހުރިއާ ޕަރްވީންInadequate vitamin D levels are a worldwide health problem that threatens not just bone health but also other aspects of human wellness. Because Asian women are a distinct demographic shaped by culture, location, and personal decisions, this systematic review explores the nuanced connection between lifestyle variables and vitamin D insufficiency in this population. The study’s primary aim is to answer three research questions about deficiencies: (1) the lifestyle factors that contribute to them, (2) the effects on health as a whole, and (3) the most effective interventions and remedies. The results show that vitamin D insufficiency in Asian women is highly influenced by clothing choices, occupational limits, and regional differences in sun exposure. The deficiency, in turn, is shown in the literature, to be associated with diverse health consequences, including infertility, metabolic syndrome, and pregnancy-related complications. To mitigate deficiency, culturally sensitive interventions are essential. Optimizing safe sun exposure, dietary modifications, supplementation, education, and specialized prenatal care offer promising strategies. Healthcare providers and policymakers must collaborate to develop comprehensive, culturally tailored approaches to address vitamin D deficiency among Asian women, ultimately enhancing their health and quality of life. This systematic review contributes critical insights into a multifaceted health issue and emphasizes the importance of personalized interventions within this specific demographic.