Environment - ތިމާވެށި
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Item Proceedings of international symposium on islands and oceans : January 22 & 23, 2009(Ocean Policy Research Foundation , 2009-01) Ocean Policy Research Foundation; އޯޝަން ޕޮލިސީ ރިސާރޗް ފައުންޑޭޝަންBased on its philosophy of ‘coexistence between mankind and the ocean,’ the Ocean Policy Research Foundation (OPRF) seeks to address a broad range of ocean problems from a global and comprehensive perspective. We foster interdisciplinary cooperation and build networks among social and natural scientists, work to achieve a balance between ocean use and the need to conserve the marine environment, and carry out a variety of research on the new order taking shape on the oceans. Since 2005, one focus of OPRF’s activities has been to address the problems of the maintenance and revitalisation of Okinotorishima, the southernmost island of the Japanese archipelago, from a technical as well as a legal viewpoint. One of the lessons learned from the process is that we should not treat the issue solely as a domestic one, but invite the consideration of the Pacific Island states, Australia, New Zealand, and international society at large and carry out joint research in the search for solutions. As a result, on January 22-23, 2009, OPRF, with the cooperation of ANCORS and SOPAC, held the ‘International Symposium on Islands and Oceans’ in Tokyo, so as to share and discuss issues related to conservation, revitalisation, and management of islands and surrounding ocean areas. Eighteen experts, both national and international, from various social and natural scientific disciplines gathered and made informative presentations on their current research in order to exchange knowledge and opinions on the development of ocean governance. We are happy to have published the proceedings from the ‘International Symposium on Islands and Oceans.’ They include the collection of all the papers presented by the invited experts as well as general information on the symposium. Each paper has insightful perspectives and unique arguments and is written in a way that enables interdisciplinary discussion, which, we believe, leads to integrated and sustainable approaches for ocean governance. It is OPRF’s pleasure to announce that these proceedings will serve as the basis for our future research on islands and oceans and demonstrate the beginning of our future international collaboration.Item ގޮނޑުދޮށް ބެލެހެއްޓުން : އެންވަޔަރަންމަންޓަލް އެޑިއުކޭޝަން ޓޫލްކިޓް(މިނިސްޓްރީ އޮފް އެންވަޔަރަންމަންޓް، އެނާރޖީ އެންޑް ވޯޓަރ, 2006-11) އަޒްލިފާ އަޙްމަދު; Ahmed, Azlifa; މަރިޔަމް ނަޝާތު; Nashaathu, Mariyam; ފާތިމަތު ޝަފީޤާ; Shafeeqaa, Fathimath; ޒަމީލާ އަހްމަދު; Ahmed, Zameela; ޝިރުމީން އަޙްމަދު; Ahmed, Shirumeen; އަޙްމަދު ރިޔާޒް; Riyaz, AhmedItem Renewable energy technologies in the Maldives : determining the potential(2006-02) Alhphen, Klas Van; G.J.H.M, Wilfried; Sark, Van; Hekkerta, Marko P.The Maldives is one of the most vulnerable countries to the projected impacts of climate change, due to a combination of the small sizes of the islands and their low height above sea level. Like other small island developing states, the Maldives depends overwhelmingly on petroleum imports for their electricity production, which creates serious economic and financial difficulties. The Government of Maldives is therefore committed to promote sustainable energy and has been actively pursuing several inter-related initiatives to overcome the existing barriers to the utilization of renewable energy technologies. To assist this, the quantification and evaluation of the potentials of available solar and wind resources in the country for electricity applications has been performed. The hybrid system design tool HOMER has been used to create optimal renewable energy (RE) system designs. In order to evaluate these different RE alternatives a multi-criteria analysis is performed using a number of criteria that are likely to be decisive in implementation decisions. The evaluation shows that fully RE system configurations are not financially viable in the Maldives while the RE-diesel hybrid systems could bring down the price of electricity with 5–10 $cent/kWh in smaller outer islands. Assuming that these latter systems with a high probability of adoption are implemented, the resultsItem A rapid assessment of perceptions into environmental management in the Maldives : volume 1 : environmental education and community mobilisation(Live & Learn Environmental Education, 2006-05) Smith, Jady; Nielsen, Christian; Shafeega, Fathimath; Ahmed, Zameela; Henderson, Robbie; ޖޭޑީ ސްމިތް; ކޮރިސްޓިއަން ނިއެލްސަން; ފާތިމަތު ޝަފީގާ; ޒަމީލާ އަޙްމަދު; ރޮބީ ހެންޑޭސަންThis report is designed to provide a basis for the development of environmental education tools and methodologies for environmental management that are both effective and appropriate to the expectations and context of the beneficiaries. The findings from this Rapid Assessment of Perceptions (RAP) are numerous and reflective of the many challenges facing a small island state. The knowledge of environmental issues within the community was high and participants had good awareness of the links between social, economic and environmental issues. However, awareness alone will not lead to change: there is an apparent lack of the social/economic skills needed to act, coupled with poor understanding of alternative options. The general focus of environmental education in the past has been within the biophysical paradigm, exploring environmental linkages and some ‘cause and effect’ theories. While this paradigm is important and relevant, attention needs to be paid to the social and economic processes that mediate environmental sustainability, especially in the area of water governance. The RAP identified five defined areas where environmental management could be strengthened: (i) strengthening capacity for safeguarding and monitoring of water resources, (ii) cultivating domestic expertise in participative facilitation techniques, (iii) focusing on and understanding local needs and exciting skills and knowledge and (iv) promoting of individual and community reflective activities. Part IV of the report brings forward the scope, principles and methodologies to advance sound environmental management through education and learning.Item Report of Indian ocean Cetacean symposium 2009, Paradise island resort and spa, Maldives, 18-20 July 2009(Marine Research Center, 2009) Anderson, S.A.; Anderson, R.C.; Adam, M.S.This report presents details of the Indian Ocean Cetacean Symposium (IOCS), held in Maldives in July 2009. This marked the 30th anniversary of the International Whaling Commission’s (IWC) Indian Ocean Sanctuary. The Symposium was a scientific meeting, convened by the Maldivian Marine Research Centre, and attracting some 60 scientists from 22 countries. The meeting was opened by the Vice President of the Republic of Maldives. Keynote addresses were given by Dr. Sidney Holt and Dr. Roger Payne. A total of 43 presentations were made, demonstrating the wide range of cetacean research being carried out within the Indian Ocean. The Indian Ocean Sanctuary was acknowledged as an important management tool for the protection of large whales (which suffered very high, and illegal, catches mainly by Soviet whalers in the 1960s). However, the Indian Ocean Sanctuary provides little protection for small cetaceans, which suffer from a range of threats, but particularly from fisheries by-catch. The IOCS formulated and adopted the Lankanfinolhu (Maldives) Declaration, which among other things calls upon the IWC to ensure the continuation of the Indian Ocean Sanctuary in perpetuity; and on coastal countries to monitor and reduce catches of cetaceans in their fisheries; stresses the importance of improved education; reminds all Indian Ocean parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity of their commitments to protect at least 10% of all ecosystems, including marine and coastal waters; supports the wider adoption of responsible whale and dolphin watching guidelines and regulations; and encourages Indian Ocean states, in collaboration with the IWC and other relevant organizations, to develop a collectively agreed action plan to improve conservation outcomes for cetaceans in the Indian Ocean Sanctuary. Other physical outputs from the IOCS include a poster of Indian Ocean cetaceans (distributed to all participants and to every school in the Maldives), and a peer-reviewed, dedicated issue of the IWC’s Journal of Cetacean Research and Management containing 15 scientific papers on Indian Ocean cetaceans.Item Training manual: good water, sanitation & environmental hygiene practices for primary schools(Live & Learn Environmental Education, 2008) Shafeeqa, Fathimath; Shazna, Mariyam; Glen, Elaine; Henderson, Robbie; ފާތިމަތު ޝަފީގާ; މަރިޔަމް ޝަޒްނާ; އިލެއިން ގްލެން; ރޮބީ ހެންޑޭސަންItem Schools for a healthy environment : resources from the environment : module 4(Live & Learn Environmental Education, 2008-03) Fien, John; White, Clayton; Bergmann, Iris; Griffiths, Michelle; Parker, Meg; Sayers, JaneItem Field guide to Maldivian plants with Bakuru & Basheera Bon'du(Live & Learn Environmental Education, 2008-03) Hofmeister, Anke; Glen, Elaine; Smith, Jady; Ahmed, Zameela; Shazna, Mariyam; Shafeeqa, Fathimath; އަންކޭ ހޮފްމެއިސްޓާރ; އެލެއިން ގެލެން; ޖޭޑީ ސްމިތް; ޒަމީލާ އަޙްމަދު; މަރިޔަމް ޝަޒްނާ; ފާތުމަތު ޝަފީޤާItem A compilation of reported fish kills in the Maldives(Marine Research Center, 2007) ޝާފިޔާ ނައީމް; ޝަހާމާ ޢަބްދުއްސައްތާރު; Naeem, Shafiya; Abdul Sattar, ShahaamaThis paper describes the series of fish kill events that were reported since the initial event in July 2007, investigative studies carried out to date and their results, as well as the limitations faced during the investigation.Item Beachwatch : managing our beach erosion(Live & Learn Environmental Education, 2006-11) Cambers, Gillian; Henderson, Robbie; Ahmed, Zameela; Shafeeqa, Fathimath; Smith, Jady