Academic Articles -- ޢިލްމީ ލިޔުންތަކުގެ ޖަމާ
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Item Addendum to environmental impact assessment soft coastal measure at western shoreline of Thinadhoo, Gdh Atoll(2014-10) Jameel, Ahmed; Faiz, IbrahimThis report discusses the findings of an environmental study undertaken as an Addendum to the Environmental Impact Assessment carried out for the project to undertake soft coastal measure at western shoreline of Thinadhoo, GDh Atoll. This environmental study has been undertaken by Water Solutions Pvt. Ltd. for the changes that had been brought to the scope of the soft coastal protection project at GDh. Thinadhoo. This Addendum to the EIA shall only be used for the purpose of issuing the Environmental Permit under the EIA Regulation 2012 and Environment Law 4/93. The demonstration coastal protection project is proposed by Ministry of Environment and Energy and Maldives Transport and Contracting Company (MTCC) is the contractor for the project. Demonstration of soft coastal measure at western shoreline of GDh. Thinadhoo, is being implemented through Integrating Climate Change Risks into Resilient Island Planning (ICCRRIP) in the Maldives project. This is the first climate adaptation project implemented in the Maldives. The demonstration coastal protection project at western shoreline of GDh. Thinadhoo using soft coastal measure involves nourishment of 1,065m reclaimed shoreline on western side of the island and protection of the shoreline through the construction of an artificial ridge and geo-bag revetment. The project also involves the creation of a vegetated drainage system adjacent to the elevated ridge, which will allow drainage of flood water due to waves and rain. The details of the project has been provided in the Environmental Impact Assessment carried out for the project to undertake soft coastal measure at western shoreline of Thinadhoo, GDh Atoll (2014) which had been approved by EPA. The Ministry of Environment and Energy is proposing to change the location of the borrow area of to excavate 30,000 m3 of sand required for filling of the geo bags and back filling of the area to create a vegetated ridge. The contractor was unable to excavate sand from the approved two borrow areas located on north and southern side of the island. This EIA Addendum report has identified that the major impacts of the borrowing sand from the new borrow site will be felt on the marine environment of the island. Impacts on the marine environment will be felt through sedimentation and siltation caused by excavation activity in the lagoon and the associated indirect impacts on the coral reef, during this period. Baseline data has been collected and report in the EIA report. Impact on the marine environment associated with the borrowing sand from new borrow site will be identified through the monitoring. This will be reported in follow up environmental monitoring reports. The most significant impact will be felt on the lagoon bottom and adjacent coral reef on eastern side of the island. Alternatives to the project have also been considered. An alternative would be to use a mini dredger to dredge the required amount of sand from the approved borrow site located on northern side of the island. But this option would not be practical as it would be possible to mobilise a mini dredger to dredge 30,000 m3 of sand. Dredgers are feasible if the volume of sand is above 150,000 m3. Towards, the end of the report, a monitoring programme has been suggested which mainly covers the marine environment. These include coral cover and marine water quality among many other parameters.Item Addendum 2 environmental impact assessment for the reclamation and expansion at Ibrahim Nasir International Airport, Hulhulhé, Kaafu Atoll(2015-10) Jameel, AhmedThis report discusses the findings of an addendum that had been carried out for the environmental impact study (EIA) which was carried out by Water Solutions Pvt. Ltd. at the request of Maldives Airports Company Limited in July 2014. This EIA Addendum 2 report covers for changes that had been made to the reclamation component of the Ibrahim Nasir International Airport (INIA) expansion project. The report also covers proposed 7.1 m wide road development on southern end of the island and development of a 4.84 km sewerage collection, treatment and disposal system via 495m ocean outfall as part of the Ibrahim Nasir International Airport expansion and modernisation project. Refer to the Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Expansion and Reclamation at Ibrahim Nasir International Airport (2015) for the details of the project. This EIA report has been approved by EPA. Environmental impacts were assessed and most of the environmental impacts from the changes that had been brought to the reclamation and expansion project at INIA would be from dredging and reclamation component. Dredging and reclamation constitute sedimentation and it is a threat to the marine environment. Sewerage collection, treatment and disposal will ensure that the groundwater of the island does not get contaminated through improper sanitation systems. It will also ensure that the surrounding marine environment will improve in terms of environmental quality and will ensure pollution from sewage does not occur. The main negative environmental impact from changes to the project would be sedimentation and destruction of the lagoon and some areas of the reef due to dredging and reclamation and construction of the outfall of the sewerage system. Sedimentation cause by the dredging and reclamation will cause death of corals in the direct impact zone and partial death of corals in other areas. Mitigation measures for the negative impacts from the changes to the dredging and reclamation component have been identified and outlined in detail. Sedimentation control methods have been specifically focused as mitigation measure to minimise the impact of sedimentation on marine environment. Use of bund walls in the fill areas is an option to mitigate impacts of sedimentation on the marine environment. The proposed mitigation measures will have to be followed in order to minimize environmental damage. The measures proposed to minimize or mitigate environmental impacts may be considered to be quite appropriate, thereby minimizing the impact by about 90%. A coastal protection method and extents have also been suggested in the EIA in order to protect the shoreline. Stakeholder consultations were held with Trans Maldivian Airways and MWSC as identified by the TOR. TMA is aware of the details of the proposed dredging component of the project and these were finalised in consultation with the stakeholders. MWSC informed that they does not any plans to develop water and sewerage system at INIA. Stakeholder views on the changes that had been brought to the project have been incorporated in the report. It is inevitable that there would be negative environmental impacts of this project. However, balancing these negative impacts and the socioeconomic benefits gained is something that is very difficult. As a result, a monitoring component has been suggested which takes in to consideration, the most important elements that require monitoring, most importantly a mechanism and means to measure and value the social benefit of the project. This monitoring component will be adhered and will allow the assessment of long term changes, despite the potential negative impacts. As the socioeconomic impacts are going to be felt in the long term, monitoring these changes is very essential. It is not seen that any significant environmental impacts would be due to the changes that had been brought to the reclamation component, addition of the road and sewerage system as part of the development, other than those outlined in the Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Expansion and Reclamation at Ibrahim Nasir International Airport (2015). The project involves inevitable negative environmental impacts to the natural environment of the island. Nevertheless, this project will benefit the community significantly.