Academic Articles -- ޢިލްމީ ލިޔުންތަކުގެ ޖަމާ
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Item މާކެޔޮޅުކަން(މިނިސްޓްރީ އޮފް ފިޝަރީޒް, 1983-12-10) ޢަލީ މޫސާ ދީދީ; Didi, Ali MoosaItem މަސްމަހާމެހި(Ministry of Fisheries, 1986-12-10) ޢަބްދުއްރަޙީމް އަބޫބަކުރު; Aboobakuru, AbdulRaheemItem ދިވެހި މަސްވެރީންނާއި މަސްވެރިކަން ކުރިއެރުވުން(މިނިސްޓްރީ އޮފް ފިޝަރީޒް, 1983-12-10) އަޙްމަދު ޙަމީދު ފަހުމީ; Fahmy, Ahmed HameedItem ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ މިޔަރުމަސްވެރިކަމުގެ ޙާލަތު 2(މިނިސްޓްރީ އޮފް ފިޝަރީޒް އެންޑް އެގްރިކަލްޗަރ, 2009-01) މެރިން ރިސާރޗް ސެންޓަރ; Marine Research CentreItem Overview of the sharkwatch programme 2009 – 2013(Marine Research Centre / Marine Conservation Society, 2013) A. Sattar, Shahaama; Wood, Elizabeth; Ushan, Mohamed; Ali, Khadeeja; ޝަހާމާ އޭ. ސައްތާރު; އެލިޒަބެތް ވުޑް; މުހައްމަދު އުޝާން; ހަދީޖާ އަލީSharkwatch was launched in 2009 to collect baseline information on abundance of reef associated sharks in Maldivian waters, so as to assess the status of stocks and monitor the effectiveness of the fishing ban implemented the same year. Since its inception, a number of resorts/dive centres have participated in the programme and continue to send monitoring data on a monthly basis. The survey uses the Roving Diver Technique which is a rapid and effective assessment technique that can be used by volunteers to collect fish data. The survey form includes 8 species of sharks which are most likely to be encountered, while other species are recorded as “Others” and identified if possible. Over the 4 years, a total of 11,704 surveys were undertaken at 540 sites, with a total of 8,255 hours spent surveying. A total of 23,798 sharks were recorded on these surveys. The geographic spread of the survey area is quite wide-spread from the north to south of Maldives, though a greater number of surveys were done in the central atolls. The number of surveys conducted and time spent surveying increased over the four year survey period, with the number of surveys during the 4th year being almost thrice that during the 1st year. This indicates that participants realised the importance of Sharkwatch and wanted to contribute to the programme. The majority of sites surveyed showed the presence of sharks, while 24% of the sites did not have any sharks. However, the numbers of sharks observed at the sites were low, with 1 to 10 sharks being observed at about 50% of sites. The average number of sharks per survey varied amongst the atolls. Baa Atoll, which used to be one of the atolls where shark fishing was carried out prior to the ban has one of the lowest averages. This suggests that shark fishing at Baa Atoll may have caused a population decline. The most commonly seen species was the Whitetip Reef Shark (Triaenodon obesus), which was followed by Grey Reef Shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos) and Blacktip Reef Shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus). An increase in number of sharks seen per survey was seen for Whitetip Reef Shark and Grey Reef Shark at some of the key sites. While these were not 5 | O v e r v i e w o f S h a r k w a t c h P r o g r a m m e ( 2 0 0 9 – 2 0 1 3 ) significant increases and was not a common occurrence it is encouraging to see that the average number of sightings has not declined over time. The average number of sharks seen per survey at the 10 most surveyed sites was seen to vary greatly from one site to another, with Site 4 having the highest average, which also showed an increase in average sightings over the four year period. These are encouraging results as they are indicative of possible increase in shark abundance at these sites. The average number of sharks seen at the 10 sites with the highest shark abundance, showed that the highest abundance was seen at a site which was surveyed 1/3 the number of times of the most surveyed site. This is another indication of good shark abundance at the site. Results of this overview are from a four year survey period and do not show clear cut increases in shark abundance. However, given the ‘slow’ life history of sharks, it is not surprising that significant population increases have not occurred within this time frame. It is encouraging to see that some results are indicative of an increase, and this fact emphasises the importance of long term continued and consistent monitoring of the selected survey sites. We hope these results are an incentive for more resorts/dive centres to participate in this programme. We also hope these results are useful to the Ministry of Tourism and other relevant authorities, whose cooperation is critical for the successful implementation of Sharkwatch.Item The economics of shark and ray watching in the Maldives(Marine Research Centre, 2001-07) Anderson, Charles; Waheed, Ali; ޗާރލްސް އެންޑާރސަން; އަލީ ވަހީދުItem Maldives national report submitted to the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission Scientific Committee ‐ 2017(Marine Research Centre, Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture, 2017-11-12) Ahusan, Mohamed; Adam, M. Shiham; Ziyad, Adam; Ali, Khadheeja; Shifaz, Ahmed; މުޙައްމަދު އަހުސަން; އެމް. ޝިހާމް އާދަމް; އާދަމް ޒިޔާދު; ޚަދީޖާ ޢަލީThe Maldivian tuna fishery comprises of four main components; pole-and-line, handline, longline and troll line. The most important is still the traditional livebait pole-and-line tuna fishery. The main target species is skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), but small amounts of juvenile yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) are also caught in the fishery of which about 5-10% is bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus). Handline fishery is still expanding which targets large yellowfin tuna (> 70 cm FL) from the surface (<10m). Following termination of joint venture licencing in 2010, a fully Maldivian-flagged longline fishery is now established. Troll fishery is minor and targets mainly neritic species of kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis) and frigate tuna (Auxis thazard), but occasionally also catches skipjack and yellowfin tuna. Total tuna catches for the 5 species of tunas (skipjack tuna, yellowfin tuna, bigeye tuna, frigate tuna and kawakawa) caught in the Maldives was at about 126,000 t. These catches came from pole and line, handline, longline and trolling gear. Pole and line catch, dominated by skipjack tuna, was at 69,500 t while the handline catch, which targets surface dwelling schools of large yellowfin tuna, was at 53,000 t. Landings from the longline fleet observed an increase from the previous year to 1,300 t. The catch from trolling fleet continues to be on the decline with a mere 64 t being reported in 2015 Skipjack tuna registered a slight decrease in catch in 2016 relative to 2015 (~1%). Catches for the most recent five years ranged between 50 and 75,000 t, with an average of 67,000 t. catches have been of the order of 50,000 – 75,000 t. Caches of yellowfin are steadily increasing, due to the growing handline fishery. Most recent five years’ catch averaged at 49,000 t with a range of 44 – 53,700 t. Bigeye tuna landings increased by ~42% to 2,400 t in 2016. The growth was driven by the increased contribution from longline and pole and line. Maldives pole-and-line and handline tuna fishery have minimal impact on the ecosystem. Catch and interactions with Endangered, Threatened and Protected (ETP) species and other species of ecological importance is virtually non-existent. Sharks bycatch and turtles are reported from the longline fishery, which has strict measures to report and release those that are caught. In addition, measures to mitigate bird entanglement in the longline gear are mandated by law. Logbooks for all the tuna fisheries have provisions to report catch and interactions of ETP species. Marine Research Centre currently conducts scientific observations of fishing trips that allow verification of logbook reported data. The national data collection was based on complete enumeration system, which is now replaced by a modern logbook data collection system. A web-enabled database is now online to allow compilation and processing of catch and effort data. The web-enabled database is also used to record tuna purchases by the exporters. The database will also help maintain records of active fishing vessel and fishing licenses. Vessel monitoring system covers 100% of the longline vessels and trips and a number of pole and line and handline vessels. In addition, the observer data collected from pole-and-line and handline fisheries enable verification of fishermen reported data. Beginning 2018, electronic observer systems will be installed on licensed fishing vessels on a rotational basis to cover 5% of the trips. A number of research programs funded by the Government and NGOs are currently being implemented. The programs are geared towards improving national reporting and compliance to IOTC conservation and management measures and towards understanding and minimising impacts of fisheries on the ecosystem. Research activities relevant to fisheries managed by IOTC include work on understanding the behaviour of tunas around Anchored FADs, understanding the socio-economic dimensions in tuna fisheries of the coastal states in the context of IOTC rights-based management and allocation issues, bycatch sampling, and continued development of the Fishery Information System.Item Maldives sharkwatch report for 2009 - 2010(Marine Research Centre, 2010) Ushan, Mohamed; Wood, Elizabeth; މުޙައްމަދު އުޝާން; އެލިޒަބަތް ވުޑްItem Maldives sharkwatch report for 2010 - 2011(Marine Research Centre / Marine Conservation Society, 2011) Ushan, Mohamed; Sattar, Shahaama A.; Wood, Elizabeth; މުހައްމަދު އުޝާން; ޝަހާމާ އޭ. ސައްތާރު; އެލިޒަބެތް ވުޑްItem Maldives sharkwatch survey report - 4th year : July 2012 - June 2013(Marine Research Centre / Marine Conservation Society, 2013) Sattar, Shahaama A.; Wood, Elizabeth; Ushan, Mohamed; Ali, Khadeeja; ޝަހީމާ އޭ. ސައްތާރު; އެލިޒަބެތް ވުޑް; މުހައްމަދު އުޝާން; ހަދީޖާ އަލީ