Academic Articles -- ޢިލްމީ ލިޔުންތަކުގެ ޖަމާ
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Item Climate vulnerability assessment – islands of Dhidhdhoo and Hinnavaru, The Maldives(United States Agency International Development, 2012-04) United States Agency International DevelopmentThe Maldives program to Enhance Climate Resiliency and Water Security is intended to demonstrate the process and outcomes needed to allow island communities to maximize their opportunity to overcome impacts from global climate change. The program will provide assistance to the Government of the Maldives (GOM), and island and atoll councils; the private sector; and residents of two islands in the northern part of the country that will be targeted with United States Agency for International Development (USAID) assistance to become “climate resilient islands.” The underlying purpose and intended outcome of the program is to develop the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that island residents will need to become stewards of their island environment and to make rational and informed decisions on key climate change adaptation issues. This report concerns the islands of Dhidhdhoo and Hinnavaru. The Climate Vulnerability Assessment uses available climate data to assess the vulnerability of water, sanitation, solid waste management services to the impacts of climate change, and feeds into the Utility Service Delivery Assessment, which is documented in a separate report (CH2M HILL, 2012). During a 2 week field effort, a consultant team worked with relevant Ministry of Housing and Environment (MHE) officials, island council members, community groups, and representatives from utilities to evaluate the current state of services, vulnerability of services to climate-related impacts, and priorities to improve the resiliency of services in light of likely climate-related impacts. Dhidhdhoo is the capital of Haa Alif Atoll administrative division in the Maldives. The island lies on the northwestern tip of Tiladummati Atoll. Originally, the island was 52 hectares, but after land reclamation in 2010, the island is now around 85 hectares. There are some estimated 3,740 people in Dhidhdhoo (2009-Registered-Statistical Year book 2010) and it is the largest population in the Atoll. Population on Dhidhdhoo has increased at a steady rate in recent years of about 2.0 percent per year. Hinnavaru is one of the inhabited islands of the Lhaviyani Atoll. Originally, the island was 22 hectares, and after land reclamation in 2010, the island is now 55 hectares. It has a population of approximately 4,500 people with 715 registered households. Population data and growth rates available for the past decade through 2010 shows a slow rate of increase with an annual average growth rate of about 0.6 percent.Item Status of the coral reefs of Maldives after the bleaching event in 1998(Marine Research Centre, Ministry of Fisheries Agriculture and Marine Resources, 1998) Zahir, Hussein; ހުސައިން ޒާހިރުItem Maldives sharkwatch report for 2010 - 2011(Marine Research Centre / Marine Conservation Society, 2011) Ushan, Mohamed; Sattar, Shahaama A.; Wood, Elizabeth; މުހައްމަދު އުޝާން; ޝަހާމާ އޭ. ސައްތާރު; އެލިޒަބެތް ވުޑްItem Maldives sharkwatch survey report - 4th year : July 2012 - June 2013(Marine Research Centre / Marine Conservation Society, 2013) Sattar, Shahaama A.; Wood, Elizabeth; Ushan, Mohamed; Ali, Khadeeja; ޝަހީމާ އޭ. ސައްތާރު; އެލިޒަބެތް ވުޑް; މުހައްމަދު އުޝާން; ހަދީޖާ އަލީItem ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ފާނަ މަސްވެރިކަމުގެ މެނޭޖްމަންޓް ޕްލޭން(Marine Research Center. Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture, 2011) މިނިސްޓްރީ އޮފް ފިޝަރީޒް އެގްރިކަލްޗަރ ، މެރިން ރިސާރޗް ސެންޓަރ; ޑާރވިން އިނީޝިއެޓިވް; މެރިން ކޮންޒަވޭޝަން ސޮސައިޓީ، ޔޫ.ކޭ; Marine Research Center. Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture; Darwin Initiative; Marine Conservation Society, UKThe Grouper Fishery Management Plan for Maldives aims to establish agreed steps to ensure that the fishery is biologically sustainable and that people who depend on the grouper fishery for their livelihood continue to get this benefit. The Plan has been developed based on stakeholder consultations, field surveys and results of previous research conducted on the fishery. Research on the grouper fishery of the Maldives has been conducted by the Marine Research Centre on several occasions since the early 1990s and more recently in collaboration with the Marine Conservation Society through the Darwin Reef Fish Project. Furthermore, the Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture has on a few occasions tried to establish schemes for long term continuous catch data of groupers, but these have proved ineffective both in terms of type of data collected and fishermen cooperation. Efforts to formulate and implement a grouper fishery management plan have been undertaken twice before, whereby recommendations for management had been made and the plans had been finalised. But these plans were never implemented. This Plan was developed with active participation and joint decision‐making about management measures by all stakeholders, inclusive of non‐fishery stakeholders such as enforcement agencies (eg. Marine Police, Environmental Protection Agency) and other related non‐governmental organisations. Management measures to be implemented are based on fishery survey data combined with the knowledge and perceptions of fishermen and exporters. Hence the Plan aims to bring about a participatory approach rather than a top‐down approach. The Management Plan addresses a combination of multispecies management and ecosystem management measures, which considers the fishery within the context of other uses of the marine environment, especially tourism. A precautionary approach is taken so as to deal cautiously with risk, uncertainty and irreversibility of impacts. A combination of approaches such as size restrictions, fishery reserves and time area closures, quotas on catch and exports were considered. The Plan promotes adaptive management whereby it will be reviewed annually. This will include a workshop with all stakeholders to discuss scientific and other data and findings, issues. Management measures will then be revised if deemed necessary based on the findings of the workshop and studies.