Unravelling the forces behind language endangerment : an overview of Dhivehi language loss and preservation strategies

Abstract

The article aims to provide a theoretical examination of the causes of language loss and propose measures for the preservation of the Dhivehi language. Language serves as a repository for culture, identity, and collective memory intricately tied to the way of life, history, and values of a populace. The unreadable loamaafaanu (copper plate documents) of Maldives’ history, currently understood only by a few who have learned the script, is an example of the void created by the loss of a language or a dialect. The shift to or adoption of another language, often driven by rapid economic changes fueled by globalization, is a common trend in countries such as the Maldives. Such communities first become bilingual populations, next the use of the mother tongue gradually disappears, and finally the second language begins to prevail. The growing preference for English over Dhivehi suggests a potential halt in Dhivehi transmission within the next few generations. To alter this language shift, it is imperative to elevate the status of the Dhivehi language within the Maldivian community. Drawing on scientific literature, this study identifies five key factors for Dhivehi language preservation: (1) promoting plain Dhivehi usage by minimizing code-mixing or code-switching, (2) shaping educational policies to foster a Dhivehi-speaking environment, (3) implementing the national language policy, (4) providing training in linguistic fundamentals and teaching techniques, and (5) ensuring the sustainable development of Dhivehi reading material. Taking these into context, this study underscores the importance of assessing the current state of the Dhivehi language using the UNESCO framework for identifying language endangerment.