Commerce - ވިޔަފާރިއާއި އިޤްތިޞާދު
Browse
Item 2017–2018 Annual report(World Bank Group, 2017) ވޯރލްޑް ބޭންކް ގްރޫޕް; World Bank GroupItem Administration and economy of the united suadive islands-some insights(Maldives economic review, 2021-03) Shafeenaz Abdul Sattar, SattarItem An analysis of the contribution of the fishery industry to the larger economy : an ode to the fishery industry(Maldives Economic Review, 2019-09) Shakoor, Ibrahim Athif; އިބްރާހިމް އާތިފް ޝަކޫރްThis essay will attempt an analysis of the contribution of the Fishery Industry to reach a better understanding of how the industry contribute to the economy over and above the modest share represented in the GDP figures.Item An assessment of climate finance governance Maldives(އެންޓި-ކޮރަޕްޝަން ކޮމިޝަން, 2013-08) އާމިނަތު ހައިފާ ނައީމް; Naeem, Aminath HaifaThe Climate Finance Integrity Programme was piloted in 2011 by Transparency International in six countries, including the Maldives, to monitor the increasing climate related finance, the governance of raising and managing these funds and the governance of these funds within selected developing countries. This report is the national report for the mapping assessment conducted for Maldives. The research has briefly looked at all institutions that were or are still active during the research phase, from 2011 to mid-2013, in the delivery and monitoring of climate change projects that were funded by the government or externally. Institutions are analysed briefly in terms of governance and transparency aspects in relation to use of climate finance. Through this mapping process, a number of challenges have been revealed. While stakeholder consultations do take place, transparency in reporting projects and progress on a continuous basis can be improved. There have also at times been unclear decision-making processes in effect. There are a number of strategic documents pertaining to climate change strategy for this period, which can potentially create confusion on priorities. Criteria for the selection of projects are not very clear in general across the government, such as the projects funded by the national budget or by donors. This results in difficulties for external monitoring of whether the projects or islands being selected are the most needed climate change adaptation and mitigation measures. Monitoring of climate projects is in general carried out by the implementing agency itself only. The possible introduction of a new institution to consolidate all climate projects has been announced and while this may bring benefit in terms of much needed stability to the climate finance institutional framework, greater transparency in reporting and the setting up of public complaints mechanisms must be ensured. Concerns raised by independent oversight bodies need to be addressed for improvements. It is also important to ensure that an effective mechanism is in place within parliament to review all the ministries and independent institutions, since many in the climate landscape are directly accountable to parliament. Areas for improvement for donors include to always conform to the procedures set in place by the government and to invest in improving the governance aspects and institutional arrangement as well as standalone projects. It is hoped that this research will improve the capacity of those seeking to ensure climate finance in the Maldives is spent well by laying bare the lines of accountabilityItem Auditor's report and financial statements 2015 : Maldivian Red Crescent(Maldivian Red Crescent, 2015-12-31) Maldivian Red Crescent; ދިވެހި ރެޑް ކްރެސެންޓްItem Auditor's report and financial statements 2016 : Maldivian Red Crescent(Maldivian Red Crescent, 2016-12-31) Maldivian Red Crescent; ދިވެހި ރެޑް ކްރެސެންޓްItem Auditor's report and financial statements 2017 : Maldivian Red Crescent(Maldivian Red Crescent, 2017-12-31) Maldivian Red Crescent; ދިވެހި ރެޑް ކްރެސެންޓްItem Auditor's report and financial statements 2018 : Maldivian Red Crescent(Maldivian Red Crescent, 2018-12-31) Maldivian Red Crescent; ދިވެހި ރެޑް ކްރެސެންޓްItem Block chain in financial services in emerging markets part one : current trends(World Bank Group, 2017-08) ވޯރލްޑް ބޭންކް ގްރޫޕް; World Bank GroupItem Blue economy : case study compendium(Arup, UK, 2022) Birtill, Kieran; ކިއަރަން ބަރޓިލް; Heinisch, Larissa Miranda; ލަރިސާ މިރަންޑާ ހައިނިޝް; Judd, Eloise; އެލޯއިސް ޖަޑް; Cruz Serrano, Lorena; ލޮރެނާ ކްރޫޒް ސެރާނޯItem Blue economy global best practices takeaways for India and partner nations(Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, 2019-12)Item Blue economy of Maldives : being an island nation, Maldives has geo-economic advantages to promote the sector which is expected to trigger faster economic growth(Research and Information System, 2021-03) Research and Information SystemItem Blue service in IORA : blue Services are ubiquitous in almost all services sectors in the IORA and the Member countries are critically dependent on Blue Services as importers and exporters(Ministry of Environment and Energy, 2021-03) Research and Information SystemItem The case for the local construction industry being more involved in major infrastructure projects(Maldives Economic Review, 2019-07-10) Shakoor, Ibrahim Athif; އިބްރާހިމް އާތިފް ޝަކޫރްItem Catalysing development : the early years of Maldives partnership with the UN system(Maldives Economic Review, 2021-09) އަލީ ނަސީރު މުޙައްމަދު; Mohamed, Ali NaseerItem China-Maldives friendship bridge - close to reality(ޕަބްލިކް ސާރވިސް މީޑިޔާ, 2015-09-14) އައިމިނަތު ރަޝާ; Rasha, AminathItem Climate investment : opportunities in South Asia(World Bank, 2018) World BankItem Commercial diplomacy of the Maldives: How to turn the country's external commercial dependency into strength.(Maldives economic review, 2021-06) Ali Naseer, MohamedItem Consolidated financial statement of the Government of Maldives financial year 2018(Auditor General's Office, 2020-01-07) Auditor General's Office; އޮޑިޓަރ ޖެނެރަލްގެ އޮފީސްItem Consolidated financial statement of the Government of Maldives financial year 2019(Auditor General's Office, 2022-04-20) Auditor General's Office; އޮޑިޓަރ ޖެނެރަލްގެ އޮފީސްItem Consolidated financial statement of the Government of Maldives financial year 2020(Auditor General's Office, 2022-04-20) Auditor General's Office; އޮޑިޓަރ ޖެނެރަލްގެ އޮފީސްItem Corporate governance code(Capital Market Development Authority, 2021-09-28) Capital Market Development Authority; ކެޕިޓަލް މާރކެޓް ޑިވެލޮޕްމަންޓް އޮތޮރިޓީItem Country report the Maldives(Economic Research Department, 2012-11) Maasdam, Reintje; ރިއެންޖޭ މާސްދަމްItem Country snapshot : Maldives(World Bank, 2017-10) World BankItem Country snapshot : Maldives(World Bank, 2015-10) World BankItem Country snapshot : Maldives October 2016(World Bank, 2016-10) World BankItem COVID-19 pandemic : the beginning of an end to our confidence in the voluntary self-refuge of food security(Maldives Economic Review, 2020-06-01) އިބްރާހިމް މުހައްމަދު; Mohamed, IbrahimItem COVID-19: The war against an invisible enemy(MALDIVES ECONOMIC REVIEW, 2020-03) Fazeel Najeeb, NajeebItem Creating Financial Infrastructure in a Large Transition Economy – Lessons from China’s New Credit Bureau(World Bank Group, 2009-04) ވޯރލްޑް ބޭންކް ގްރޫޕް; World Bank GroupItem Credit information and firms’ access to finance : evidence from an alternative measure of credit constraints(World Bank Group, 2017-07) ވޯރލްޑް ބޭންކް ގްރޫޕް; World Bank GroupItem Debt bulletin - June 2019(Ministry of Finance, 2021-06-01) Dept management Department, Ministry of FinanceItem Debt Management performance assessment (DeMPA) : Maldives(World Bank, 2009-10) World BankFrom October 19 to 27, 2009, a World Bank team in collaboration with the Commonwealth Secretariat undertook a debt management performance assessment of the Government of the Republic of Maldives (GRM). The objective was to undertake a comprehensive assessment of debt management functions using the Debt Management Performance Assessment tool (DeMPA, version of November 2008). As part of the assessment, the team met relevant officials dealing with public debt management in Maldives from the Ministry of Finance and Treasury (MOFT), the Maldives Monetary Authority (MMA), the Attorney General, the Auditor General‘s office, the National Disaster Management Centre, Capital Markets Development Authority, the State Bank of India and the Bank of Maldives (see Annex 1 for a list of meetings). The assessment for Maldives was timely. The current situation shows moderately high government debt levels (around 55 per cent of GDP) with sustainability indicators reflecting vulnerabilities (at current trajectory of primary deficit, the IMF Article IV report estimated debt levels would reach 75 per cent of GDP by 2013). The recently concluded Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) findings highlighted areas for improvement relating to budget execution and credibility, audit and legislative oversight, cash management and the treasury single account (TSA), and monitoring and managing fiscal risks. Meanwhile, the government has significant funding needs to meet development and growth priorities (gross financing including rollover is estimated at an average of 12-13 per cent of GDP per year for the next 5 years). This requires prudent debt management to avoid debt–related vulnerabilities from crystallizing. The DeMPA tool was applied to Maldives to assess the strengths and areas for improvement in debt management operations and provide a baseline for undertaking future reforms in debt management. The main findings of the mission are summarized below: Governance and Strategy Development • The primary legislation (the Constitution and the Public Finance Law, 2006) provide authorization to borrow and issue debt and loan guarantees; in addition the requirements for reporting and audits are also specified. Pre-authorization for specified borrowing purposes is a requirement. An important gap, however, is that the objectives for debt management are not specified in the law. • A debt management strategy is not prepared and no entity is given the responsibility to coordinate its formulation in the government. There is a lack of focus on total central government debt which is a priority area for reform, especially when contemplating the development of the strategy. There is no description of measures to develop the domestic debt market. Coordination with Macroeconomic Policies • Coordination among the debt management entities, the fiscal advisors and monetary authorities has been weak with infrequent exchange of information. The Macro Economic 3 Coordination Committee (membership from the MOFT and the MMA1,) does provide the structure but needs to meet more regularly. • External debt service projections are provided by the External Resource Management Division of the MOFT to the Budget Division, but a debt sustainability analysis is not undertaken by them. Domestic & External Borrowing • On the external borrowing side, yearly borrowing plans with a detailed assessment of the most beneficial terms (lowest cost) from creditors are prepared. Due diligence through a formal organizational structure and procedural requirements is exercised while issuing loan guarantees and on-lending funds. However, due to staff shortages credit risk assessments prior to issuing loan guarantees are not always done in a consistent and regular manner for all loan guarantees. • There is no borrowing calendar available for accessing the domestic markets. The reliance on Ways and Means Advances (WMA) from the central bank constrains the development of the domestic market. The market participants, however, informed the mission that transparency and disclosure practices on the part of the government were strong which was also demonstrated by the disclosure of information on the MMA website. Cash Balance Management and Cash Forecasting • Steps were being taken by the MOFT to improve cash management for the entire government, through the development of a model to forecast cash flows. The government had a large number of bank accounts (over 1800) that were not reconciled on a daily/weekly basis. Operational Risk Management • There are readily accessible procedures manuals for contracting, recording, and servicing debt. However, business continuity and disaster recovery plans were not in place. Data security practices (offsite storage, etc) were weak. There was no established procedure in case of emergency situation. Key person risk was high and recruitment and retention of skilled staff is a severe constraint. Debt Records and Reporting • Recording of debt data is completed within reasonable time. There is, however, no centralized reporting of total central government debt; domestic guaranteed loans are not reported and a debt statistical bulletin giving risk indicators was not published. On the quality of debt data, debt data records were accurate and complete for all external loans, albeit with a lag of some months for external guarantees and on-lent funds but data for domestic debt (specially the recent securitized advances with the MMA) were being uploaded onto the Book Entry System. 1 The Fiscal affairs and Economic Policy Division, Department of Inland Revenue, External Resources Management Division from MOFT sits on the technical level committee whereas the membership of the ―Policy Committee‖ comprises of the Minister of Finance and the State Minister, Minister of State for Fisheries and Agriculture, MMA Advisor to the Governor, Deputy Minister of Economic Development, Permanent Secretary Ministry of Tourism and the Department of National Planning.Item Debt management performance assessment (DeMPA) : Maldives(World Bank, 2019-03) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem Digital financial inclusion : implications for customers, regulators, supervisors, and standard-setting bodies(World Bank Group, 2015-02) ވޯރލްޑް ބޭންކް ގްރޫޕް; World Bank GroupItem Doing business 2009 : country profile for Maldives : comparing regulation in 181 economics(World Bank, 2008) World BankItem Doing business 2010 Maldives : comparing regulation in 183 economics(World Bank, 2009) World BankItem Doing business 2011 Maldives : making a different for entrepreneurs : comparing business regulation in 183 economics(World Bank, 2010) World BankItem Item Doing business 2014 : comparing business regulation for domestic firms in 189 economies : economic profile Maldives(World Bank, 2014) World Bank; ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކުItem Doing business in Maldives 2019(Ministry of Economic Development, 2019-08-23) Ministry of Economic Development; މިނިސްޓްރީ އޮފް އިކޮނޮމިކް ޑިވެލޮޕްމަންޓް