Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://saruna.mnu.edu.mv/jspui/handle/123456789/7184
Title: Wind resources mapping in the Maldives : 12 month site resources report October 2014.
Authors: World Bank
ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކު
Issue Date: 12-Oct-2018
Publisher: World Bank
ވޯލްޑު ބޭންކު
Citation: World Bank. (2018). Wind resources mapping in the Maldives : 12 month site resources report October 2018.
Abstract: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The World Bank (the “Customer”) retained Garrad Hassan America, Inc. (DNV GL) to complete a 12-month Site Resource Report, which consists of an independent analysis of the wind regime and energy production at two locations in the Maldives, as part of the Wind Resource Assessment and Mapping in the Maldives project. The key results of the work are reported here. The project is primarily funded by the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP). The original objective of the project was to provide a validated mesoscale wind atlas for the Maldives, including associated datasets. The project aimed to provide policy makers in the Maldives and other stakeholders with accurate and valuable knowledge of the national wind resource, including complementary tools, which can be of direct practical use, both for formulating energy policy and implementing wind projects. As part of Phase 2 of the project, meteorological data is to be collected at two sites over a 2-year period. The 12-month Site Resource Report provides interim wind resource statistics at the two measurement locations and energy production estimates for wind turbines installed in the vicinity of the measurement locations. A single Lidar unit was installed and commissioned at each of the two sites in April 2017. Based on a single year of data collection, DNV GL has evaluated the wind resource at each location, the long-term wind regime, and the estimated energy production based on two turbine options: • The Vergnet GEV MP C 275 kW wind turbine, with a rotor diameter of 32 m and a hub height of 50 m. • A generic 3 MW wind turbine, with a rotor diameter of 100 m and a hub height of 100 m. A brief summary of the key results is presented in the table below. Results Hoarafushi Thulusdhoo Turbine type GEV MP C Generic GEV MP C Generic Turbine rated power [kW] 275 3000 275 3000 Hub height [m] 50 100 50 100 Average air density at hub elevation [kg/m3] 1.15 1.14 1.15 1.14 On-site measurement period [years] 1.0 1.0 Long-term reference period [years] 15.3 15.3 Long-term hub height wind speed at Lidar [m/s] 4.9 5.2 5.5 5.7 Average turbine wind speed [m/s] 5.0 5.2 5.6 5.8 20-year P50 Net Energy [GWh/annum] 0.271 3.77 0.346 4.56 20-year P50 Net Capacity Factor [%] 11.2% 14.3% 14.3% 17.4% DNV GL – Document No.: 702909-AUME-R-08, Issue: B Page 6 www.dnvgl.com Other key conclusions and recommendations from the analysis are as follows: • The primary outcome of this study is the establishment of state-of-the-art remote sensing wind measurement systems at two locations in the Maldives. The measurements collected from the Lidar units at both sites are considered good both in terms of data quality and data coverage. • The long-term wind regime at both sites has been estimated using a combination of MERRA-2 and ERA-Interim reanalysis data. There is increased uncertainty in these estimates due to the lack of ground-based reference data, and the relatively short period of data. This has led to the long-term wind regime uncertainty being a major contributor to the overall uncertainty in the energy prediction. • The wind regime across both sites has been predicted using WAsP wind flow modelling. The proposed turbine locations are situated approximately 1 km from the Lidar monitoring locations. As a result, the horizontal extrapolation (or wind flow modelling) uncertainty is a relatively minor contributor to the overall uncertainty in the energy prediction. • The proposed wind turbine locations are preliminary and consider only general siting requirements. Detailed environmental, technical, or construction constraints have not been considered at this stage. The analysis presented here aims to provide a general understanding of how a generic wind turbine would be sited and how it would perform. • There are a number of losses and uncertainties applied to the energy estimates presented above, for which DNV GL’s standard assumptions have been made at this stage, or for which an analysis was not within DNV GL’s scope of work. It is recommended that the Customer considers each of the loss categories carefully when using the results in this report for stakeholder engagement.
URI: http://saruna.mnu.edu.mv/jspui/handle/123456789/7184
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