Political Science - ސިޔާސީ ޢިލްމު
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Item A troubled future for democracy : the results of the 2015 Maldives democracy survey(Transparency Maldives, 2015) Sharma, Rakesh; Zahir, Azim; ރާކޭޝް ޝަރްމާ; އާޒިމް ޒާހިރުSince the first multiparty elections in 2008, democratisation in the Maldives has been challenged in many ways. One of the main factors is political turmoil. By the time the second multiparty presidential elections in 2013 finally came to an end after a series of delays and cancellations by the Supreme Court, the country appeared to be at a political breaking point. The atmosphere of relative calm that prevailed after the losing parties conceded defeat soon again gave way to political uncertainty. The recent arrest and prosecution of politicians has worsened the crisis of politics. This bitter partisan politics has not spared key democratic institutions, such as the judiciary and the parliament, further challenging democratisation. Successful democratisation also depends on the availability of a supporting set of democratic orientations and values held by citizens. It also depends on the political empowerment and engagement of citizens. The 2015 Democracy Survey, like the benchmark Democracy Survey in 2013, is premised in the widely held beliefs that successful democratisation everywhere depends on supporting values and orientations – that is, a democratic political culture. The survey provides a wealth of reliable and systematic information about Maldivian political culture. Our hope is that the systematic evidence presented here will help policymakers, civic and political organisations, state and private institutions, and the international community, in addressing some of the many challenges of democratisation in the Maldives. The 2015 Democracy Survey is also a nationwide survey of the adult population in the Maldives aged 18 years or older. It is based on a random sample stratified proportionally across the regions of the Maldives. The 2014 Maldives Population and Housing Census data was used as the listing of people above 18 years of age. This is the most up-to-date listing available in the country. Census 2014 preliminary data shows there are 341,256 people above 18 years of age. Hence, the target population for the survey is 341,256. The size of the sample for the survey is 1,064 people. The report has five sections: section I concerns the more general citizen orientations and views on democracy and the levels of engagement that together partly constitute “political culture”. Section II is about their views on more specific aspects of the political context in the Maldives. The report then presents, in section III, levels of public confidence in a range of institutions important for democracy and the country. In section IV, the analysis focuses on citizens’ views on gender equality and women’s political participation. Finally, section V deals with people’s attitudes towards political parties that form the backbone of political society.Item Decentralization framework in the Maldives : policy brief(Local Government Authority ލޯކަލް ގަވަރުމެންޓް އޮތޯރިޓީ, 2023) Local Government Authority ލޯކަލް ގަވަރުމެންޓް އޮތޯރިޓީItem Democracy at the crossroads : the result of 2013 Maldives democracy survey(Transparency Maldives, 2013-05-13) Transparency Maldives; ޓްރާންސްޕޭރެންސީ މޯލްޑިވްސްTransparency Maldives conducted a nationwide random survey of the Maldivian public in August 2013. The survey used repeatedly tested survey questions and the results are reliable within a margin of error of +⁄− 3.0%. That project was grounded in the conviction that the successful performance of democratic institutions requires a complementary set of supporting democratic values. The results point to significant democratic deficits within Maldivian political culture. Some of the critical findings are as follows: A clear majority of Maldivians think that “politics” is the most important problem facing the country. Fully half of the public is dissatisfied with the way democracy operates in the Maldives. The deepest pockets of dissatisfaction are among the young and the well-educated. Moreover, for many, the notion of democracy carries negative connotations. Democracy entails widespread commitment to the principle of equality. But a substantial proportion of the public, about two–thirds, do not support the idea of gender equality. What is truly striking is that women are less supportive of gender equality than are men. A third troubling finding concerns the low levels of confidence that citizens have in their key representative institutions; institutions that are vital links between the citizens and the state. Out of 15 sets of institutions considered, Maldivians express the least confidence in parliament and political parties. 62% say that they have no confidence at all in parliament. 58% hold that view for political parties. The courts and the office of the President rate a little better.Item Item Maldives : assault on civil and political rights(Amnesty International , 2015) Amnesty International; އެމްނެސްޓީ އިންޓަރނޭޝަނަލްAt the conclusion of a visit to the Republic of Maldives, Amnesty International believes human rights in the country have already been seriously eroded and are at risk of further deterioration. The following briefing is based on the findings of this visit, which was prompted by reports of blatant breaches of the right to a fair trial for some leading opponents of the government. Political tension in the country has been exacerbated by the harassment, detention and imprisonment of government opponents. Safeguards against human rights violations are progressively eroding and the government is failing in its duty to stop this. Serious irregularities within judicial processes have resulted in rampant violations of the right to a fair trial and a severe weakening of the fundamental principle of judicial impartiality. The Maldives’ human rights infrastructure and civil society are also under threat. The Human Rights Commission of the Maldives (HRCM), whose constitutional independence should be guarded by all other state institutions, has been subjected to judicial harassment for reporting to international mechanisms on human rights violations. Human rights NGOs are harassed and threatened that they will be deregistered. Political opponents of the government taking part in peaceful demonstrations have been arrested, detained for days or weeks, and released only after having conditions imposed that they must not take part in future demonstrations for a certain period of time. Journalists, human rights defenders and opposition politicians have received death threats, and police have failed to mount credible investigations to bring those responsible to justice. Political rallies have been attacked by gangs suspected of working in connivance with the police. None of the attackers, even when they are allegedly known to the police, are known to have been brought to justice.Item Maldives parliamentary elections(Commonwealth , 2019-04-19) Commonwealth; ކޮމަންވެލްތުFollowing an invitation from the Chairperson of the Elections Commission of Maldives (EC), the Commonwealth Secretary-General, The Rt Hon. Patricia Scotland QC, constituted an Observer Group for the Parliamentary Elections of 6 April 2019. The Commonwealth Observer Group for the 2019 Parliamentary Elections was led by Hon. Bruce Golding, former Prime Minister of Jamaica, and comprised seven eminent persons. A full list of members can be found at Annex 1. The Observer Group was supported by a five-person staff team from the Commonwealth Secretariat.Item Multi-party democracy in the maldives and the emerging security environment in the Indian ocean region(Pentagon Press, 2016) Kumar, AnandItem Note on the Maldives(European Parliament ޔޫރޮޕިއަން ޕާރލިއަމެންޓް, 2006-05-24) Nuttin, Xavier; ޒޭވިއަރ ނަޓިން; Vuylsteke، Virginie; ވަރޖިނީ ވުޔިލްސްޓޭކް; Schulz، Stefan; ސްޓީފަން ޝަލްޒްThis note outlines the political and economic situation in the Maldives, recent event and issues - with special emphasis on constitutional reforms and recent social unrest - as well as the EU-Maldives relationsItem Presidential election : pre-election assessment 2023(Transparency Maldives, 2023) Transparency Maldives; ޓްރާންސްޕޭރެންސީ މޯލްޑިވްސްItem Search for a lost democracy : a fact finding mission report on the Maldives(Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative, 2016) Commonwealth Human Rights InitiativeItem Women's empowerment in political processes in the Maldives(International Foundation for Electoral Systems, 2014) Ritchie, Megan; Rogers, Terry Ann; Sauer, Lauren; މޭގަން ރިޗީ; ޓެރީ އާން ރޯޖާސް; ލައުރެން ސައުރItem ރައްވެހި ތަރަޤީ : 2013 ނޮވެންބަރު - 2018 މާރިޗް : ރައީސުލްޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ ޢަބްދުالله ޔާމީން ޢަބްދުލްޤައްޔޫމް(ރައީސުލްޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާގެ އޮފީސް, 2018)Item ރައީސް އިބްރާހީމް މުޙައްމަދު ސޯލިހުގެ ވެރިކަމުގެ ފުރަތަމަ 100 ދުވަސް(ރައީސުލްޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާގެ އޮފީސް, 2022-09)Item އިންޤިލާބުގެ ފަލްސަފާ(2005-05-01) މުހައްމަދު ޒާހިރު ހުސެއިން; Hussain, Mohamed ZaahirItem އަލްއުސްތާޛު އަލްމަރްޙޫމް ފަތުޙުﷲ ޖަމީލުގެ ހަނދާނުގައި(މައުމޫން ޢަބްދުލްޤައްޔޫމް, 2012-04-09) މައުމޫން ޢަބްދުލްޤައްޔޫމް; މުޙައްމަދު ޒާހިރު ޙުސައިން; Abdul Gayoom, Maumoon; Zahir Hussain, MohamedItem ދެ ރައީސެއްގެ ދީނީ ޝަޚްޞިއްޔަތާމެދު ގަބޫލުކުރިގޮތް(ފެކަލްޓީ އޮފް އާރޓްސް، ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޤައުމީ ޔުނިވަރސިޓީ, 2014) އަންވަރު އިބްރާހީމް; Ibrahim, AnwarItem ...ދިވެހިން އައުމީދަކާއެކު މުސްތަޤްބަލަށް ކުރިމަތިލާހިނދު(ދިވެހިބަހާއި ތާރީޚަށް ޚިދުމަތްކުރާ ޤައުމީ މަރުކަޒު, 1993-10) ޢަބްދުﷲ ޙަމީދު; Hameed, AbdullaItem ތަރައްޤީގެ ޕްލޭން 2017-2021(ތިލަދުންމަތީ ދެކުނުބުރީ ކުރިނބީ ކައުންސިލްގެ އިދާރާ, 2021) ތިލަދުންމަތީ ދެކުނުބުރީ ކުރިނބީ ކައުންސިލްގެ އިދާރާ; Secretariat of the Kurin’bi Council, South ThiladhunmathiItem ތަރައްޤީގެ ޕްލޭން 2017-2021(ތިލަދުންމަތީ އުތުރުބުރީ އަތޮޅުކައުންސިލްގެ އިދާރާ, 2021) ތިލަދުންމަތީ އުތުރުބުރީ އަތޮޅުކައުންސިލްގެ އިދާރާ; Thiladhunmathee Uthuruburee Dhidhdhoo Atholhu Coucilge IdharaItem ތަރައްޤީގެ ޕްލޭން 2017-2021(ހުވަދުއަތޮޅު އުތުރުބުރީ ދާންދޫ ކައުންސިލްގެ އިދާރާ, 0221) ހުވަދުއަތޮޅު އުތުރުބުރީ ދާންދޫ ކައުންސިލްގެ އިދާރާ; Huvadhu Atholhu Uthuruburee Dhaandhoo Councilge IdharaItem ތަރައްޤީގެ ޕްލޭން 2022-2026(ނިލަންދެއަތޮޅު ދެކުނުބުރީ އަތޮޅު ކައުންސިލްގެ އިދާރާ, 2022) ނިލަންދެއަތޮޅު ދެކުނުބުރީ އަތޮޅު ކައުންސިލްގެ އިދާރާ; Nilandhe Atholhu Dhekunuburee Atholhu Coucilge Idhara