Health & Medical Sciences - ސިއްޙަތާއި ބޭސްވެރިކަން
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Item 2017 Health SDG Profile: The Maldives(UNICEF Maldives, 2019-02-28) UNICEF MaldivesItem 7 ways employers can support working parents during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19)(UNICEF Maldives, 2020-08-28) UNICEF MaldivesItem Aggregate economic shocks, child schooling, and child health(Oxford University Press, 2009-08) Ferreira, Francisco H. G.; Schady, NorbertItem Association of infant and child feeding index with undernutrition in children aged 6–59 months: a cross-sectional study in the Maldives(The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2020) Haq, Ijaz ul; Asra, Mariyam; Tian, Qing; Ahmed, Bilal; Khan, Nadar; Ahmad, Muhammad Ijaz; Ji, Chenming; Luo, JianguangAdequate dietary intake is critically important for child growth and development. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of undernutrition and its association with infant and child feeding index (ICFI). This cross-sectional studywas conducted among children (younger than5 years) and theirmothers from Lhaviyani Atoll,Maldives. The datawere obtained by interviewing the children’s mothers via pretested questionnaires. Infant and child feeding index scores were calculated from the dietary information. Weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ), length/height-for-age z-scores (LAZ/HAZ), and weight-forlength/ height z-scores were calculated from anthropometric data taken according to the WHO criterion. Linear regression tests were used to find the association of nutritional status with ICFI scores. A total of 800 children and their mothers participated in this study. The prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting was 24.6%, 32.4%, and 16.3%, respectively. Themean ICFI scores (13.0) of children aged 6–8monthswere better than those of children in other age-groups. In food groups, the intake of fish was higher among the respondents,whereas the consumption of vegetables and fruitswas lower. Infant and child feeding index scoreswere significantly associated (P< 0.05) withWAZ and LAZ/HAZ after adjustment for confounders. Overall, the findings showed that Maldivian children consumed the limited number of food items that resulted in an inadequate intake of nutrients which further resulted in the high prevalence of malnutrition.Item Biological and behavioural survey on HIV/AIDS - 2008(ދަ ގުލޯބަލް ފަންޑު ސަޕޯޓެޑް ޕޮރޮގުރާމް އިން މޯލްޑިވުސް, 2008-11-01) ދަ ގުލޯބަލް ފަންޑު ސަޕޯޓެޑް ޕޮރޮގުރާމް އިން މޯލްޑިވުސް; The Global Fund Supported Programme in MaldivesItem Birth defects in government referral hospital of Maldives 2016-2018(ޑިޕާރޓްމަންޓް އޮފް ޗައިލްޑް ހެލްތް : އިންދިރާ ގާނދީ މެމޯރިއަލް ހޮސްޕިޓަލް, 2019) Faisal, A.; ފައިސަލް; Ibrahim, N.; އިބްރާހިމް; Rasheed, H. A.; ރަޝީދް; Musthafa, M.; މުސްތަފާItem Can-Youth-Empowerment-Programs-Reduce-Violence-against-Girls-during-the-COVID-19-Pandemic(World Bank Group, 2021-02) ވޯރލްޑް ބޭންކް ގްރޫޕް; World Bank GroupItem Cash transfers and health : evidence from Tanzania(Oxford University, 2019-06) Evans, David K.; Holtemeyer, Brian; Kosec, KatrinaHow do cash transfers conditioned on health clinic visits and school attendance impact health-related outcomes? Examining the 2010 randomized introduction of a program in Tanzania, this paper finds nuanced impacts. An initial surge in clinic visits after 1.5 years—due to more visits by those already complying with program health conditions and by non-compliers—disappeared after 2.5 years, largely due to compliers reducing above-minimal visits. The study finds significant increases in take-up of health insurance and the likelihood of seeking treatment when ill. Health improvements were concentrated among children ages 0–5 years rather than the elderly, and took time to materialize; the study finds no improvements after 1.5 years, but 0.76 fewer sick days per month after 2.5 years, suggesting the importance of looking beyond short-term impacts. Reductions in sick days were largest in villages with more baseline health workers per capita, consistent with improvements being sensitive to capacity constraints. These results are robust to adjustments for multiple hypothesis testing.Item Child health and economic crisis in Peru(Oxford University, 2005-09-21) Paxson, Christina; Schady, NorbertItem Children at increased risk of harm online during global COVID-19 pandemic - UNICEF(UNICEF, 2020-04-14) Mohamed, YasirItem Cleaning and hygiene tips to help keep the COVID-19 virus out of your home(UNICEF Maldives, 2020-08-28) UNICEF MaldivesItem Clinical treatment guideline for the management of hyperthyroidism in adults(Ministry of Health and World Health Organization. .މިނިސްޓްރީ އޮފް ހެލްތު އަދި ވޯރލްޑް ހެލްތު އޯގަނައިޒޭޝަން, 2024) Ministry of Health; މިނިސްޓްރީ އޮފް ހެލްތުItem Compendium of health research in Maldives 2018-2021(Ministry of Health, Maldives, 2022-10) Mohamed, Ahmed Shidad; Abbas, Nafha; އަހުމަދު ޝިދާދު މުހައްމަދު; ނަފްހާ އައްބާސްItem Corona virus : no-panic guideline(1mg Capsules: Trusted Medical information and health advice, 2020-03-07)Item Coronavirus (COVID-19) parenting tips(UNICEF Maldives, 2020-08-28) UNICEF MaldivesItem Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)_ What parents should know in Dhivehi(UNICEF Maldives, 2020-03-26) UNICEF MaldivesItem COVID-19 and Digital Financial Inclusion in Africa : How to Leverage Digital Technologies During the Pandemic(World Bank Group, 2020-10) ވޯރލްޑް ބޭންކް ގްރޫޕް; World Bank GroupItem COVID-19 vaccines: Saving lives and rebuilding better(World Bank Group, 2021-04-08) Rabie, Tamer Samah; Dorey, Stephen; Bosi, Martina; Srinivasan, Rahul; Monsalve, Carolina; Lynagh, Sarah BashfordItem Covid19 and School of Nursing(School of Nursing, The Maldives National University, 2020-05) Nurse MV; .ނާރސް މ.ވItem Current status and roadmap for improvement of quality system in health laboratories(World Health Organization, 2007) Silva, PanaddaItem De-germ your hands(Ministry of Education, 2023-01-01) Ministry of Education; The United Nations Children's FundItem Depression: what are signs and symptoms(ނޭޝަނަލް އިންސްޓިޓިއުޓް އޮފް އެޑިއުކޭޝަން, 2017-04) ނޭޝަނަލް އިންސްޓިޓިއުޓް އޮފް އެޑިއުކޭޝަން; National Institute of EducationItem Design and layout requirements for health warnings under regulation 2019/R158 “packaging and labelling of tobacco products” effective 31 May 2019(Health Protection Agency, Ministry of Health ; Maldives, 2019-02-27) Health Protection Agency, Ministry of Health ; Maldives; ހެލްތް ޕްރޮޓެކްޝަން އެޖެންސީ، މިނިސްޓްރީ އޮފް ހެލްތުް ; މޯލްޑިވްސްItem Domestic violence and women’s health in Maldives(World Health Organization, 2007) Fulu, EmmaItem Dyslexia(ނެޝަނަލް އިންސްޓިޓިއުޓް އޮފް އެޑިއުކޭޝަން, 2016-08) Vettiveloo, Rosh; ވެއްޓިވެލޫ, ރޯޝްItem Eat everyday, the colour way : for every meal, add a variety of colors to your child's plate by including food from all groups(މިނިސްޓްރީ އޮފް ހެލްތު އެންޑް ފެމެލީ, 1-01-01) މިނިސްޓްރީ އޮފް ހެލްތު އެންޑް ފެމެލީ; Ministry of Health and FamilyItem Economics of tobacco control - Maldives(World Bank, 2003-11) Afaal, Ahmed; Shareef, I. Riaz; ޢަހުމަދު އަފްޒަލް; އ.ރިއާޒް ޝަރީފް; PricesCountry situation The Maldives, an archipelago of about 1190 islands, lies in the middle of the Indian Ocean. The population was 269 010 in 2000. Per capita GDP was estimated at US$ 1279 in 1998, twice as high as the regional average, and has grown at an average of 9% for the past 25 years. The Maldives’ social welfare indicators are good compared to most countries with comparable income levels. Adult literacy rate is close to 100%. Infant mortality had fallen to 35 per 1000 by 1995, and the crude death rate to 0.5%. Life expectancy at birth was 72 years in 1998. Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and cancers are the 3 leading cause of death; they are all linked to tobacco use. Curative and preventive health services are organized into a four-tier system comprising central, regional, atoll and island levels. Services are provided through both public ad private sectors. Tobacco imports and tobacco control Most tobacco products are imported, import volumes are increasing. Cigarettes account for 97% of all tobacco products by quantity. There is very little local tobacco production—just small amounts of bidi and tobacco for hukkah—in the Maldives. Tobacco smuggling is believed to be negligible. There are no specialist tobacco importers or retail outlets in the country. Thus no jobs would be lost if tobacco sales were to fall. Maldivian tobacco control goes back to a 1942 law which banned tobacco product imports for some years. A 1947 bill that was enforced for a period banned smoking by all students and Maldivians under the age of 17, and prohibited smoking in public. In 1984, advertising was banned in government media, and in 1994 a total ban on all forms of tobacco advertisement and promotion was imposed. Smoking was banned in all health care facilities in 1993, and in all government buildings and educational institutions in 1994. Islands declaring themselves tobacco-free may qualify for trophies and cash prizes. In 2000, a large-scale school anti-tobacco programme was initiated by the education sector for the whole country. One tobacco-free island, Madifushi, runs a quit-smoking programme that provides accommodation and food for people who come to the island to quit smoking. This island received a WHO tobacco-free award in 2000. Prevalence and consumption A survey conducted in 1997 showed that 57% of males and 29% of females consumed some form of tobacco, and that smoking prevalence stood at 41%. Prevalence is higher in the outlying islands. Per capita consumption is highest in the 15 – 49 age groups, an d averages 14 cigarettes a day for men and 10 a day for women. xiv Prices, taxes and government revenue Prices of cigarettes were relatively stable (in nominal and real terms) from 1997 to 2000. In 2000, prices rose steeply but then fell to 40% above the earlier price. Until May 2000, duty on all imported tobacco products was 50% of CIF value. In 2000 the levy for cigarettes only was changed to 30 laari per cigarette (100 laari = 1 rufiyaa) to reduce cigarette price differentials and eliminate trade in cheap cigarettes. The overall effect was positive for revenue and public health: imports dropped and import duty revenues rose by over 50%. Tobacco duty revenues have fallen as a share of all import revenues from around 4% to below 2%. Policy recommendations There should be an annual increase in tobacco prices. The World Health Organization recommends an annual 5% increase in the real price of tobacco products. Tax increases should apply to all tobacco products. The Maldives should consider introducing an ad valorem excise tax to sustain increased tobacco prices. Tobacco control measures should be consolidated and a comprehensive tobacco control law formulated as a foundation for ratification of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. The National Tobacco Control Committee needs to be revamped to play a more active role in tobacco control. Surveillance and enforcement need to be enhanced. An assessment of smoking prevalence in the Maldives should be done every five years, as part of the existing regular household surveys. The government should implement a smoking cessation programme. Information, education and communication programmes need further innovation and strengthening. The government should also improve routinely gathered data such as the cancer registry and lifestyle-related disease statistics so that the smoking-attributed burden of disease can be better understood. The government should also consider revising death certificates to include smoking status in order to enhance future research.Item The effect of COVID-19 lockdown measures on internet speed : an empirical analysis of 18 countries in Africa(World Bank, 2020-12) World BankItem Emotional distress in COVID-19 patients in Maldives(2020) Dey, Rajib Kumar; Mansoor, Shanooha; Hilmy, Abdulla Isneen; Moosa, Sheena; Rahman, Shirani Abdul; Latheef, Raishan; Rasheed, Nihla; Hassan, Fathimath Guraishaa; Zaadhee, Ali; Ibrahim, Afa; Usman, Safoora KausarItem Empowerment in nursing(School of Nursing, The Maldives National University, 2020-05) Ibrahim, Asiya; އާސިޔާ އިބްރާހީމްItem Item EPI fact sheet : Maldives 2011(ޑަބުލިޔު. އެޗް. އޯ. ރީޖަނަލް އޮފީސް ފޯރ ސައުތު އީސްޓް އެޝިޔާ, 2012-08-29) ޑަބުލިޔު. އެޗް. އޯ. ރީޖަނަލް އޮފީސް ފޯރ ސައުތު އީސްޓް އެޝިޔާ; WHO regional office for south -east AsiaItem Evaluation of Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) system in the Maldives : mortality cause specific approach(United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, 2020-06) Usman, Sofoora Kawsar; Moosa, Sheena; ޞަފޫރާ ކައުޘަރު ޢުޘްމާން; ޝީނާ މޫސާItem Everything you need to know about washing your hands to protect against coronavirus (COVID-19)(UNICEF Maldives, 2020-04-30) UNICEF MaldivesItem Examining service quality of hospitals in India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Malaysia: case of outbound medical travelers from the Maldives(Polaris Global Journal of Scholarly Research and Trends, 2022-10) Jaleel, Ahmed Ali; Yajid, Mohamed Shukri Ab; Khatibi, Ali; Azam, S.M. FerdousTo examine outbound Maldivian medical travelers’ perception on the quality of the service levels in hospitals located in India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Malaysia. A survey questionnaire was used to gather cross-sectional data from 400 outbound medical travelers from the Maldives. Respondents who received overseas medical treatment at any hospital in India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Malaysia were selected randomly. SPSS 25.00, and AMOS version 23.00 was used for data analysis. The service quality dimension of tangible, empathy, efficiency and safety positively and significantly influence hospital service quality. On contrary, the level of improvement in medical care found to have a negligible effect. Hospitals in Thailand and Malaysia have overall service quality perceptions scores of 91.8% and 84.6% respectively, which is higher than those in India and Sri Lanka, indicating 67.2% and 77.6%. The study highlights the necessity of improving hospital efficiency and safety in India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Malaysia. Academics may supplement their analyses of previously published literature with new data and empirical support from the medical industry in Southeast Asia. The findings of this study minimize knowledge, empirical, and population gaps seen in recent literature on medical service quality related to outbound medical travelers from the Maldives.Item Expert mission to Maldives for verification of elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis : report of the mission Maldives : 19–26 June 2011(World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia, 2012-06) World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia; ވޯރލްޑް ހެލްތު އޯގަނައިޒޭޝަން, ރީޖަނަލް އޮފީސް ފޯރ ސައުތު-އީސްޓް އޭސިޔާLymphatic filariasis (LF) is a neglected tropical disease that continues to be a major public health problem in the South-East Asia Region (SEAR) of the World Health Organization (WHO). Nine of the 11 Member States are endemic for LF. The Region has a disproportionate burden of illness with 63% of the population at risk and 50% of the infected people in the world. SEAR has made significant progress towards achieving the goal of elimination having completed mapping and launched the WHO-recommended two-drug strategy for mass drug administration (MDA) in all the endemic countries. Maldives completed five rounds of MDA in 2008, stopped MDA in 2009 and is implementing post-MDA surveillance. Based on the recommendations of the seventh meeting of the Regional Programme Review Group (RPRG) for Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis in 2010, an expert mission to Maldives was organized by the WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia (WHO-SEARO) from 19–26 June 2011 as the first step to initiate the process of verification of elimination. The mission also provided technical inputs and guidelines to carry out further follow-up action such as Transmission Assessment Surveys (TAS) and preparation of the dossier. A list of members of the expert mission can be found in Section 1.1 of this report. The terms of reference of the mission were to review the programme and assess the quality of testing and data collection; to review the steps taken by the country to stop MDA; and to assess the steps taken as part of post-MDA surveillance activities, including the preparation of the dossier in accordance with the LF TAS Manual of WHO 2011.1 The team held consultations with the programme managers and senior officials of the Ministry of Health (MoH) along with representatives of the WHO Country Office in Maldives. The team examined documents and undertook field visits to observe ICT card testing in the schools to verify the interruption of LF transmission among six-seven year-old children as per the LF TAS Manual, WHO 2011. At the end of the mission, the team had debriefing meetings with the same officials to discuss the field observations, and compilation of the dossier required for certification of elimination of LF in Maldives. The National Programme for the Control of Lymphatic Filariasis began in 1969. LF case detection and treatment as well as antilarval measures were carried out in endemic islands. In 1998, 10 islands were found to be endemic and the micro filarial (Mf) prevalence rate ranged between 0.19–0.91%. A sample survey carried out in 2003 in Laamu atoll showed that 223 (17.9%) children were positive for filarial antigenaemia. MDA was launched only in Fonadhoo Island in that atoll in 2004 and five annual rounds were completed in 2008. No child in the age 1 WHO (2011): Monitoring and Epidemiological Assessment of Mass Drug Administration: Lymphatic Filariasis TAS, A Manual for national Elimination ProgrammesItem Fast food(ނޭޝަނަލް އިންސްޓިޓިއުޓް އޮފް އެޑިއުކޭޝަން, 2015-12) އާމިނަތު ޝިފާ; Shifa, AminathItem Five opportunities for children we must seize now : an open letter on why I believe we can reimagine a better post -COVID world for every child(United Nations Children's Fund, 2021-02) Fore, HenriettaItem Freedom from fear : Maldives celebrates measles elimination(މިނިސްޓްރީ އޮފް ހެލްތު, 2017-01-01) މިނިސްޓްރީ އޮފް ހެލްތު; Ministry of HealthItem From Double Shock To Double Recovery - Implications And Options For Health Financing In The Time Of Covid-19(World Bank Group, 2021-03) Kurowski, Christoph; Evans, David B.; Tandon, Ajay; Eozenou, Patrick Hoang-Vu; Schmidt, Martin; Irwin, Alec; Cain, Jewelwayne Salcedo; Pambudi, Eko Setyo; Postolovska, IrynaThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a double shock - health and economic. As of March 1, 2021, COVID-19 has cost more than 2.5 million lives and triggered an economic recession surpassing any economic downturn since World War II. Almost all countries responded with rapid increases in government spending during 2020 to control the pandemic and protect people, jobs, and businesses. Despite an expected return to economic growth, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) projects government per capita spending to fall across all country income groups in 2021 and 2022. This drop primarily reflects a reduction in the capacity of many governments to further accumulate and service public debt. Part I of this paper explores the impact of this current macro-fiscal outlook on the three primary sources of health spending. Drawing on experiences from previous economic crises, scenario analyses suggest a fall in government per capita spending on health in 2021 and 2022 unless governments make bold choices to increase the share of health in general government spending. The projected drop in per capita government spending on health is expected to coincide with lower levels of household out-of-pocket spending on health and a possible decline in development assistance for health (DAH). The projected decline in government per capita health spending will threaten a recovery from the health and economic shocks. An end to the pandemic can only come through enhanced disease surveillance, strengthened delivery platforms, and the roll out of COVID-19 vaccines. Reclaiming losses in progress toward universal health coverage (UHC) due to disruptions in the supply and demand for essential non-COVID-19 health services during the pandemic is vital for a sustainable and inclusive longer-term economic recovery. Part II of the paper discusses policy options to meet the spending needs in health. These options encompass strategies to make fiscal adjustments work and channel funds where they are most needed, as well as policies to stabilize the balance sheets of social health insurance (SHI) schemes. The paper explains how the health sector can play an active role in expanding fiscal space, contributing to tax reforms, most importantly pro-health taxes, and mobilizing and absorbing external financing, including debt relief. Recognizing that the quality of spending has implications for its quantity, Part II also discusses the challenges and opportunities of the crisis to increase the equity and efficiency of health spending. These include which expenditures to cut and which to protect, which emergency measure to roll back and which to roll out, as well as some of the most controversial trade-offs in health financing underscored by the crisis. Countries did not choose COVID-19, but their leaders have policy choices to make in health financing that will impact the response to the pandemic, the capacity to get back on the path to UHC, and ultimately the strength of the recovery.