Dissertations by other Maldivians - އެމް.އެން.ޔޫގެ ދަސްވެނީން ފިޔަވައި އެހެނިހެން ދިވެހީންގެ ޑިޒަރޓޭޝަންތައް
Browse
13 results
Search Results
Item Government budget in statistics financial year 2007(Ministry of Finance and Treasury, 2007)Item Civil service in an emerging democracy : the case of the Maldives(Victoria University of Wellington, 2013) Faizal, Mohamed; މުހައްމަދު ފައިޒަލްItem Teaching economics at secondary school level in the Maldives a cooperative learning model(The University of Waikato, 2006) Nazeer, AbdullahThe dominant approach to the study of economics at secondary school level in the Maldives is teacher-centred methods based on behaviourist views of teaching and learning. Despite considerable research on the benefits of cooperative learning in economic education at the post-secondary level, very limited research has been conducted in secondary school classrooms in order to find ways of improving teaching and learning of economics. The purpose of this study was to enhance the teaching and learning of economics at secondary schools in the Maldives by trialing a cooperative learning model to enhance economics teachers’ awareness of the impact that cooperative learning might have on student learning. This study explored a cooperative learning approach to teaching and learning economics in secondary schools and investigated teachers’ and students’ perceptions of cooperative learning. Some elements of both ethnographic and grounded theory methodologies were employed and specific data collection methods included workshops, classroom observations, interviews, video tapes and student questionnaires. Nine teachers and 232 students were involved in this study. The research was conducted in three stages (pre-intervention, workshops to train the participants, and post-intervention) over a period of three months in three selected schools in Male’, the Maldives. Four research themes were derived from the analysis of both pre and post intervention data. These themes were teaching issues, learning issues, cooperative learning implementing issues, and students’ and teachers’ reactions to cooperative learning. In the pre-intervention phase, the teachers taught in a traditional manner, but after the intervention they incorporated elements of cooperative learning method to teach economics in their selected classes. The overall findings showed a considerable change in teachers’ and students’ attitudes and perceptions about traditional teacher-centred methods towards more student-centred methods of T Teaching and Learning of Economics in the Maldives: A cooperative Learning Model ii cooperative learning. It was evident that both teachers and students perceived cooperative learning to be an effective method of teaching. For example, the findings revealed that both teachers and students understood and could see the benefits that cooperative learning offered to the teaching and learning of economics. The students indicated that they liked working in groups and appreciated getting help from other students. In addition, the results revealed that students’ interactions and involvement in classroom activities, as well as interest and motivation to learn economics, increased during the implementation of the cooperative learning model. Furthermore, this study found a mismatch between home and the traditional teacher-centred school culture in the Maldives. In contrast, the findings suggest that the principles of cooperative learning match well with the cultural values of Maldivian society. Consequently, a revised model of cooperative learning is presented that includes the aspects of culture. Jordan (1985) argued that “educational practices must match with the children’s culture” (p. 110) and thus culturally responsive teaching can help to minimise confusion and promote an academic community of learners that enables students to be more successful learners (Gay, 2000). This study suggests that training teachers and students for cooperative learning is salient for effective implementation of cooperative learning for a positive influence on students’ learning and teachers’ pedagogy. However, further research should be conducted to examine other aspects of teaching and learning which may also enhance this relationship.Item Reforming the Maldivian penal code with reference to punishment of imprisonment(Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of Laws International Islamic University Malaysia, 2020) މުޙައްމަދު ޢައްފާން ޝާފީ; Shaafy, Mohamed AffanThe purpose of this thesis is to identify issues related to the use of imprisonment as a general form of punishment in the Penal Code of Maldives and to propose areas of reforms to the punishment of imprisonment to Maldives. In this study two main areas for reform were identified; firstly, since Maldives is a 100% Islamic country, the philosophies, aims, purposes of punishment and punishment of imprisonment were identified from Islamic Shari’ah. Since confirmation to the tenets of Islam is a requirement for all laws in Maldives by its constitution a Shari’ah punishment benchmark was derived under Article 10 of the Constitution of Maldives 2008. It was established that Shari’ah punishments were of 3 main types in Islamic criminal law, these are hudud (fixed), qisas (retaliatory) and ta’zir (discretionary) punishments. To suggest Shari’ah reforms to the Maldivian Penal Code, Islamic penal systems from Brunei Darussalam and Malaysia were analyzed. Secondly, for the reduction of meting imprisonment as a general form of punishment, different types of alternative punishment forms and application of penal laws were identified from the Nordic region where the penal systems in the Nordic region seldom used imprisonment unless for major crimes; and even in the instances of imprisonment, the punishment is focused on reforming the offender. The Nordic penal punishment model was found to be more compliant with the punishment philosophy of Shari’ah. This research identified that Maldivian Penal Code 9/2014 had imprisonment as a primary punishment form for all types of offences and an unrestricted discretion on punishment was given to judges. It was also found in this study that Maldivian prisons were not suitable to keep prisoners as they are not operated in accordance with laws of Maldives, Shari’ah punishment objectives and international human rights conventions and treaties. To identify areas of punishment reform all the 160 offenses mentioned in the Penal Code of Maldives 9/2014 were analyzed under the Shari’ah benchmark, it was found that offences that are applicable under hudud or qisas categories were allocated imprisonment sentences. In order for the penal laws of Maldives to comply with the Shari’ah benchmark whilst reducing imprisonment as a general form of punishment and introducing alternative punishment forms, it was recognised in this research that Maldives would have to follow a mixed model of a codified Islamisation model in terms of hudud and qisas punishments and a harmonization reformation model in terms of reforms on alternative forms of punishments under ta’zir. The findings of this study will help stakeholders in reforming Maldivian Penal Code with reference to the punishment of imprisonment to be compliant with the Shari’ah, Constitution of Maldives and international best practiceItem އިސްލާމާއި ދިވެހިން ފާސްވި : ކޮބާ މައްސަލައަކީ؟(ކޮލިޓީ އެޝުރަންސް ޑިޕާރޓްމަންޓް، މިނިސްޓްރީ އޮފް އެޑިޔުކޭޝަން, 2016) ުޢަބްދުالله ނަޒީރ; ުއިޙުސާން ޢަޙުމަދ; ުމުޙައްމަދު އަބޫބަކުރ; Nazeer, Abdulla; Ahmed, Ihusaan; Aboobakuru, Mohamed,ސުކޫލު މަދަރުސާތަކުގެ ސާނަވީ މަރުޙަލާގައި ކިޔަވައިދޭ އިސްލާމާއި ދިވެހި މާއްދާ ކިޔަވަން ދަރިވަރުން ޝައުޤުވެރިނުވާ ވާހަކަ އާއި އެމާއްދާތަކުން ދަރިވަރުން ހޯދަމުން އަންނަ ނަތީޖާ އޯލެވެލް އާއި އޭލެވެލް އިމްތިޙާނުތަކުގެ އެހެން މާއްދާތަކާ އަޅައި ބަލާއިރު ނިސްބަތުން ދަށްވަމުން އަންނަ މައްސަލަތަކަށް ޢިލްމީ ނަޒަރަކުން ބަލައި، ހޯދައި، .ތަޙުޤީޤުކޮށް، މިދިރާސާގައި ވާނީ ހިމަނާފައެވެ ރާއްޖޭގެ ސުކޫލު މަދަރުސާތަކުގައި ކިޔަވައިދޭ މަޖުބޫރު ހަތަރު މާއްދާގެ ތެރެއިން، އެންމެ މަތީ ނިސްބަތަކުން ދަރިވަރުން ފާސްވަނީ އިސްލާމާއި ދިވެހިންނެވެ. އެ ދެ މާއްދާއިން ދަރިވަރުން ފާސްވާ އެވެރެޖު ނިސްބަތް، ވޭތުވެދިޔަ 10 އަހަރުގެ ތެރޭގައި ވަނީ 60 އިންސައްތަގައި ހިފެހެއްޓިފައެވެ. މި ދެ މާއްދާއިން ކިތަންމެ ބޮޑު ނިސްބަތަކުން ދަރިވަރުން ފާސްވިކަމުގައި ވިއަސް، ވޭތުވެދިޔަ އަހަރުތަކުގައި އެ ދަރިވަރުންނަށް މި މާއްދާތަކުން ލިބޭ«''އޭ'' ގުރޭޑު ނިސްބަތުން ދަށެވެ. މިގޮތަށް މިކަން ދިމާވާ އެންމެ ބޮޑު ސަބަބެއްކަމަށް މި ދިރާސިން ފާހަގަ ވަނީ އެސް.އެސް.ސީ. އާއި އެޗް،އެސް.ސީ. އިމްތިޙާނު ކަރުދާސްތައް އެކުލަވާލުމާއި ދަރިވަރުންނަށް ލިބޭ ސާފު މާކުސް ގުރޭޑުތަކަކަށް ބަދަލުކޮށް ނަތީޖާ އެކުލަވާލުމުގައި، ޢަމަލު ކުރާނެ އުޞޫލުތަކެއް ނެތި، ބައިނަލްއަޤުވާމީ މިންގަ ނޑުތަކުގެ .ބޭރުން، ދަރިވަރުންގެ ނަތީޖާތައް ޕްރޮސެސް ކުރުމެވެ މި ދިރާސާއިން ފާހަގަކުރެވުނު ދެވަނަ ކަމަކީ ސުކޫލު ތަޢުލީމުގައި ކަ ނޑައެޅިފައިވާ މަޖުބޫރު މާއްދާތަކަކީ ދަރިވަރުންގެ ދިރިއުޅުމާއި މަސައްކަތުގެ މާޙައުލުގައި ކޮންމެހެން ބޭނުންކުރަން ޖެހޭނެކަމަށް ޤަބޫލުކުރެވޭ ލިޔެކިޔުމުގެ )ލިޓެރަސީ( ހުނަރާއި އަސާސީ ވިޔަތަކާއި )ނިއުމަރަސީ( މަޢުލޫމާތާއި ރިވެތި ސިފަތައް ދަރިވަރުންގެ ކިބައިގައި އަށަގެންނެވުމާއެކު މުސްލިމެއްގެ ހައިސިއްޔަތުން ކުރުމަށް ކަ ނޑައެޅިފައިވާ މިންވަރަށް ތަކެތި އުނގަންނައި 6 ދިނުންކަމެވެ. އެހެނަސް އެނގުނު ކަމަކީ މި ދެމާއްދާގެ ކަރިކިއުލަމްގައި ވެސް ދަރިވަރުންގެ ޢާއްމު ދިރިއުޅުމުގައި ބޭނުންކުރަން ނުޖެހޭ ބައިތައް ހުރެމެ، އެ ބައިތަކުން ދަރިވަރުން އިމްތިޙާނު ކުރެވެމުންދާކަމެވެ. މިގޮތަށް އޮތުމުގެ ސަބަބުން ދަރިވަރުންގެ ދިރިއުޅުމުގެ މުޢާމަލާތްތަކާއި މި މާއްދާތަކުގެ ގުޅުމާމެދު ސުވާލު އުފައްދައި، މިމާއްދާތަކަށް .ދޭ ސަމާލުކަން ކުޑަވެ، ކިޔެވުމަށްދޭ ޝައުޤުވެރިކަން ކުޑަކަމަށް ފާހަގަ ކުރެވުނެވެ .އަދި ބައެއް ޓީޗަރުން މި މާއްދާތައް އުގަންނައި ދިނުމުގައި ރޭވުންތެރިކަން ކުޑަވެ އުނގަންނައި ދިނުމުގައި ޒަމާނީ އުކުޅުތައް ބޭނުންނުކުރުމުގެ ސަބަބުން ދަރިވަރުންގެ .ޝައުޤްވެރިކަން ކުޑަވެ، ކިޔަވަން ފޫހިވާކަމަށް މިދިރާސާގެ ބައިވެރިން ހާމަކުރިއެވެ ވުމާއެކު، އިސްލާމާއި ދިވެހި މާއްދާއިން އުނގެނޭ މައުލޫމާތާއި ހުނަރާއި ދެވޭ ތަރުބިއްޔަތަކީ ,ދަރިވަރުންގެ މުޅި ޢަމަލީ ހަޔާތުގައި ބޭނުންކުރުމަށް އެކަށައެޅޭ ތަރަހައަކަށް ހަދައި މި ދެމާއްދާއަށް ލޯބިޖައްސައި ޝައުޤުވެރިކަން އިތުރުކުރެވޭނެ ގޮތްތަކަކަށް މަންހަޖާއި އުންގަނައިދިނުމާއި ވަޒަންކުރުމުގެ ނިޒާމަށް ބަދަލުގެންނަންޖެހޭކަން ފާހަގަކުރަމެވެ. ވަކިން ޚާއްޞަކޮށް ދަރިވަރުންނަށް އިންސާފުވެރި ނަތީޖާއެއް ކަށަވަރުކުރުމަށް، ބައިނަލްއަޤުވާމީ މިންގަ ނޑުތަކަށް އެސް.އެސް.އީ. އާއި އެޗް.އެސް.ސީގެ އިމްތިޙާނު ކަރުދާސްތައް އެކުލަވާލުމަށް ބޭނުންވާ ސްޓޭންޑަ ރޑްތަކާއި އުޞޫލުތައް ލިޔެ، ދަރިވަރުންގެ މާކުސްތައް އެ މިންގަ ނޑުތަކަށް ޕްރޮސެސްކުރުމަށް، ކަމުގެ މާހިރުންގެ އެހީތެރިކަމާއެކު، ޒަމާނީ ފެންވަރުގެ ''އިމްތިޙާނުކުރުމުގެ ނިޒާމެއް'' މިހާރުން މިހާރަށް ޤާއިމުކުރުމަކީ ކޮންމެހެން .ބޭނުންތެރި ކަމެކެވެItem Monitoring and enforcing the South Ari Atoll marine protected area in the Maldives(Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, 2019-06-28) Femmami, NastaziaThe South Ari atoll Marine Protected Area (SAMPA) in the Maldives, is a long strip of water spanning 42km2, designated in 2009 as a measure to protect its year-round aggregation of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) and ensure the sustainability of the local ecotourism that offers the opportunity to swim with this iconic species. However, since its creation neither management plan nor enforcement measures have been implemented. Likely as a consequence, 79% of SAMPA resident whale sharks show signs of injuries mainly due to boat strikes, while unregulated activities and overcrowding at encounters threaten the safety of swimmers and negatively affect visitors’ satisfaction. A management plan is therefore urgently needed for regulating whale shark activities in SAMPA. This study explored existing regulations and new technologies that could be implemented to manage, monitor and enforce SAMPA. In this context, combining a zonation system with an alternate access day system and a licensing system of tour operators would enable a limit on the number of vessels visiting the MPA at the same time, and subsequently reduce the risk of injuries for both whale sharks and swimmers. Mandatory 10-knot vessel speed limits also appear essential for significantly reducing the risk of boat strikes on whale sharks. Furthermore, modern technologies such as GPS tracker devices and drones could be used by rangers to monitor vessel speed compliance and perform aerial surveillance respectively. Finally, close cooperation between all stakeholders, as well as education of operators and visitors, is crucial to foster self-enforcement. The present study primarily focused on informing managers and stakeholders of potential measures to be defined in the future management plan for SAMPA. However, measures outlined are also replicable in any other MPA facing similar issues in the Maldives and beyond.Item Motivations behinds the ‘site fidelity of whale shark (rhincodon typus) in south ari atoll and Baa atoll, Maldives(University of York, 2016-08-01) Dixon, SamuelRelatively little is known about what the primary factors are that drive whale shark aggregations. Their biological characteristics of slow growth, late sexual maturation and infrequent productivity make them particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic mortality from target fisheries and bycatch. This can make discerning influences on their movement patterns even more challenging. This study looks at two key aggregations sites in the Republic of Maldives. South Ari MPA is perhaps unique in facilitating an annual aggregation of whale sharks, whereas Hanifaru Bay in Baa Atoll is famous for attracting whale sharks primarily to feed. In recent years whale shark sightings have drastically decreased in Baa atoll in comparison to South Ari Atoll where whale shark sightings have remained fairly constant. This study uses photo identification methods to track where the whale sharks are going when they disappear from Baa. Satellite imagery is also used to extract data on sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a and bathymetry for the Maldives in order to develop a hypothesis to what factors are driving whale sharks to abandon Baa AtollItem Monitoring tourist pressure on whale shark (rhincodon typus) behaviour in South Ari MPA, Maldives(The University of Edinburgh, 2016-08-01) Leston, Felipe Alberto LeiWhale sharks, the largest fish and shark, occur throughout all tropical and warm temperate oceans. They have been hunted traditionally for a number of years, and together with the estimation of a declining population is considered by the IUCN as vulnerable. Nowadays, fishing and finning of whale sharks are almost stopped, however, new challenges appear with the increasing wildlife tourism activities, where people can swim with these gentle giants, originating another potential negative impact on whale sharks. The South Ari MPA in the Maldives, one of the few places with a year-round population of whale sharks, does not have any formal management plan, only a Code of Conduct issued in 2009 when the MPA was declared. However, the lack of any kind of enforcement in the area causes regulations to be ignored. By video analyzing each whale shark encounter in South Ari and record tourist and whale shark behaviour underwater, results suggest a low tourist compliance to regulations. Therefore, whale sharks are under a big anthropogenic pressure due to the unmanaged tourism activities. Moreover, shark behaviour observed suggest that South Ari MPA could be a recovery area for whale sharks after performing deep dives, and disturbing them during the recovery phase would have detrimental effects on the population of whale sharks in the Maldives. The results obtained and the different management measures recommended, have the potential to improve our understanding of whale shark ecology and the management in South Ari MPA.Item Finding the balance between tourism and conservation: the pathway to safe and sustainable whale shark tourism in south-ari Atoll(The University of Edinburgh, 2016-08-01) Mulder, Elisabeth MariaTourism and marine conservation are two things that, even though they can be mutually beneficial, are increasingly found to conflict. The marine wildlife tourism industry has been growing exponentially over the past years, raising concerns regarding its sustainability. Whale shark excursions are a very popular activity in the Maldives and provide a substantial income to tourism operators in South-Ari Atoll as well as to the national government. Although the whale shark is a nationally protected species and their aggregation grounds have been designated as a Marine Protected Area in 2009, an official code of conduct or any other form of legal regulations that manage the number and conduct of tourists and boats in the area is still absent. This lack of control combined with a lack of education and awareness amongst guests and operators results in chaotic situations that endanger the safety of guests and pose a threat to the whale sharks. This research has found that overcrowding and poor behaviour by guests and guides are the main threats to whale sharks. The underlying issues of poor education and communication, and absent legal regulations and enforcement are problems that urgently need to be addressed in order to ensure safe and sustainable whale shark tourism in the future. Although the current political situation in the Maldives poses a barrier for conservation, a larger effort for cross-stakeholder communication, collaboration and education does have the potential to make whale shark tours a more enjoyable experience for both tourists and whale sharksItem Does bathymetry drive whale shark aggregations?(MSc Marine Environmental Management, 2016-12-01) Copping, JoshuaWhale sharks, Rhincodon typus, form seasonal feeding aggregations in coastal waters around the world. Most research has studied individual aggregations and prey availability, without investigating factors known to influence other megafauna aggregations. A number of studies have shown the basking shark and megamouth shark, are more abundant in areas with bathymetric features known to cause higher primary productivity. Therefore, this study examines the bathymetry in areas R. typus aggregation events occur, with the aim to understand whether bathymetry influences aggregations. The research carried out shows there are similarities in bathymetry between aggregation sites, significantly different from other coastal areas within R. typus’ global range. Evidence shows aggregations occur in areas with specific bathymetric features; shallow coastal areas in close proximity to water in the mesopelagic zone, connected by steep gradient slopes such as reef slopes or continental shelf breaks. These factors are known to induce upwelling events, increasing primary productivity, consequently attracting a number of filter feeding species. This study has shown bathymetry does influence Rhincodon typus aggregations and has filled in knowledge gaps missing from previous research.