Thesis & Dissertations - ތީސީސް އަދި ޑެޒަޓޭޝަން
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Item The development and evaluation of a computer-assisted instructional strategy designed to change student misconceptions about chemical equilibrium(Department of Science Education, Edith Cowan University, 1990-12-14) Hameed, Hassan; ޙަސަން ޙަމީދުThe main aims of this thesis are twofold. First, to identify and describe misconceptions about chemical equilibrium held by Year-12 chemistry students in the Maldives. Second, to investigate the effects of using a computer-assisted instructional strategy in changing those misconceptions. A misconception identification test and an interview schedule developed by Garnett & Hackling ( 1984) were used to diagnose student misconceptions about chemical equilibrium. The remediation aspect of the study used a computer-assisted instruction (CAI) package. The package was designed in accordance with a model of conceptual change proposed by Posner, Strike, Hewson & Gertzog ( 1982) . The CAI package consists of eleven modules. The conceptual change strategies, as implemented in the package, mainly used simulations to create cognitive conflict to assist accommodation. The results of the study indicate that misconceptions about chemical equilibrium are common among Year 12 chemistry students in the Maldives. In addition, these misconceptions were found to be similar to those reported by Hackling and Garnett (1985) which identified misconceptions among Western Australian students. Results also indicate that the remediation aspect of the study, which used the CAI package, produced significant and lasting conceptual changes in students holding the misconceptions.Item Coral reef management in the Maldives, with special reference to reef monitoring: The use of line transect method for monitoring coral reefs in the Maldives.(Centre for Tropical Coastal Management Studies, Department of Marine Sciences and Coastal Management, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1993-09-01) Naseer, Abdulla; އަބުދުﷲ ނަސީރުThis study attempts to ascertain aspects of coral reef management in the Maldives, with emphasis laid on reef monitoring. The patterns of exploitation of reefs are described. Threats to reefs, both man-made and natural, are reviewed. The major human impacts on reefs in the Maldives appear to be coral mining, dredging and reclamation, tourist related activities and pollution. Acanthaster plancii predation is a significant threat to coral reefs in some atolls of Maldives. Aspects of coral reef monitoring are reviewed with emphasis on monitoring objectives, design and operation of monitoring programmes, and methods employed in reef monitoring. Transect methods, quadrat methods, photographic methods and visual surveys are reviewed. A monitoring programme developed at the Marine Research Section of the Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture, in Maldives is described. Data collected under this programme were analysed in chapter 4. This is a long-term monitoring scheme being developed to detect anthropogenic impacts on coral reefs. The problems and short comings of the data as well as their usefulness is discussed. It was concluded that the data collected under the monitoring programme can be put to management use only with further studies and refinements to the sampling procedures.Item The integrated growth response of coral reefs to environmental forcing: morphometric analysis of coral reefs of the Maldives.(Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 2003-07-01) Naseer, AbdullaCoral reefs are bioherms whose structure comprises a dynamic mixture of geologically inherited and environmentally forced morphologies. The major debate of coral reef history is over the relative importance of antecedent, erosional and recent, constructional processes in controlling the pattern and pace of reef growth. Landscape scale studies of reef morphology enable us to distinguish between these two morphological lineages on modern reefs. This thesis quantifies empirical relationships among spatial patterns of coral reef growth, geomorphology and environmental forcing in the archetypal atoll nation of the Maldives. The main hypothesis is that asymmetric ocean wave forcing interacts with antecedent reef platform structure to produce characteristic growth configurations and predictable reef morphologies during the Holocene (at least). The hypothesis is tested by regressing a set of reef growth morphometrics derived for every single coral reef larger than 1 ha on impinging wave energy for the entire archipelago (n = 2041). The methods involved the classification of eight Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) satellite images covering all reefs of the Maldives, and the calculation of morphometric indices using a geographical information system (GIS). The spatial pattern of coral reef growth, as defined by the distributions of distinct reef geomorphologies, was quantified by multiple morphometrics of well-defined geomorphic zones: reef slope, reef crest, coral rubble, sand flats, reef lagoons and reef islands. These features were delineated with an overall accuracy of 81%. The total area all coral reef and lagoon habitats that comprise Maldives is 21,372.72 km2 . A total of 2,041 ±10 distinct coral reef structures larger than 0.01 km2 occupy a vertically-projected surface area of 4,493.85 km2 . Smaller areas of coral reef substratum cover another 19.3 km2 , bringing the total area of coral reef to 4,513.14 ±135.40 km2 . Islands occupy only 5.1% of the total reef area. Spatial gradients in environmental forcing (i.e., southern ocean swell and monsoon wind-wave fields) were characterized and quantified along the same dimensions as the reef geomorphology, and statistically related to the reef morphometrics. Nonparametric Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) and Analysis of Similarities (ANOSIM) procedures identified statistically significant differences among groups of reefs located on atoll rims that were exposed to nine differing hydrodynamic regimes. The widths of rim reef slopes, crests and flats widths were significantly related with incident wave power (r2 > 0.07, p<0.01, n=488), with the largest reef growth zones facing the major monsoon wind direction, and the smallest facing the relatively calm Maldives Inner Sea. The hydrodynamic openness of the 16 complex atolls of the Maldives was quantified by a rim aperture index (range from 0.03 to 0.35). The total area of various reef growth forms in atoll lagoons (i.e., patch reefs, knolls and faros) was significantly positively related with the aperture index (r2 > 0.62, p < 0.001, n=16). The extensive, detailed and accurate data provided by this study for the first time on the exact numbers, sizes, shapes and areas of reef features of the entire Maldivian archipelago demonstrates the value of synoptic technologies to seascape ecology, supports the hypothesis that the spatial patterns of coral reef growth predominantly reflect recent hydrodynamic forcing, and provides a sound basis for predictive modelling and management decision support in a developing nation of 300,000 people living on coral reefs and confronted with rising sea level.Item Knowledge and attitude on drug abuse among age group of 15 to 45 in capital city of Maldives.(Faculty of Health Sciences, 2014-11-30) Noora, Aishath; އައިޝަތު ނޫރާDrug abuse executes around 200,000 individuals worldwide every year, as per another United Nations (UN) report. Worldwide treatment for drug abuse would cost $250 billion every year if everybody who required help got legitimate consideration, as per the UN. This research is a descriptive cross sectional study. Total of 208 participated in this research and it was randomly collected from Male’ City. Duration for this study was from August to November which is 3 months period. According to the first drug survey done in Maldives, it shows that the present drug use prevalence, including the use of alcohol, in the capital city Male' is 6.64 for every cent. Altogether, there are an expected 7,500 drug users in the Maldives. The greater part of drug users are youngsters in the 15-24 age. Data was collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version of 20.0. This study will be valuable in light of the fact that up to today Maldives is challenging this particularly for the adolescents in the community in the Maldives. The result of this study has shown that majority (90.4%) of the participants are well aware of the drugs and (87.3%) knows the different types of drugs and (77%) agreed that peer pressure was the main reasons for abusing drugs. By this research it was found that this matter can be minimized by giving awareness to the public and other related organizations and by implementing strong laws and policies towards drug abuse.Item Knowledge, attitude and practices of teachers regarding disability among students in 10 government schools of Male’.(Faculty of Health Sciences, 2014-11-30) Shaukath, Aishath MohamedIn January 2013, a circular was sent to all schools in Maldives regarding introduction of inclusive education in mainstream schools to allow different types of disabled children to be enrolled in these schools. This study investigates the knowledge, attitude and practices of regular classroom teachers towards students with disability compared with the teachers teaching in Jamaaluhdheen and Imaadhudheen School. The study is conducted using a survey questionnaire among 84 teachers of 10 government schools in Male‟. The data is analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. According to the study, all the participants had an acceptable level of knowledge regarding disability in children. Moreover, the control group has expressed positive attitude towards including disabled children in main stream classes and involving them in all the curricular and extra-curricular activities while the case group had negative attitude towards involving disabled children in the normal classes. From this study it was identified that teachers do not believe they have the proper skills to teach students with disability. Therefore, it is very important to increase teachers knowledge and skills by providing more workshops and training programs.Item Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding the rational use of medicines in H Dh Vaikaradhoo, Maldives(Faculty of Health Sciences, 2014-06-30) Asfaan, AdamIrrational use of medicines is a harmful and wasteful global health problem. In order to overcome from the problem, it is very important to know the community’s knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding the rational use of medicines. There was no study conducted a KAP survey regarding the rational use of medicines in anywhere of the Maldives. The purpose of this study is to obtain the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding the rational use of medicines in HDh Vaikaradhoo. A survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the 104 households of Vaikaradhoo by using selfdeveloped pretested questionnaire. The results of the study were expressed as counts and percentages. Most of the respondents were aware about the expiry dates of medicines (83.7%) and importance of compliance of medicines, same generic content of medicine is available under different names, that medicine is needed for every illness (65.4%), that costlier medicines are better than cheaper medicines (71.2%), 38.5% of respondents seek advice to take medicines after doctor consultation. 63.5% of respondents to take missed dose once they remember, 73.1% of respondents used to throw the left-over medicines, and 67.3% of the respondents dispose both expired and non-expired medicines, 48.1% of medicines that stored in households of Vaikaradhoo were stored in Cupboard/Drawer. In conclusion, although the majority of the surveyed respondents had adequate knowledge, positive attitude and practice, there are some respondents who were unaware about the rational medicines use; they need to be educated by adopting suitable interventions.Item Examinining the association between parental smoking and adolescent smoking(Faculty of Health Sciences, 2013-05-30) Ali, Abdul HameedSmoking is the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in the World. The vast majority of smokers initiates smoking before the age of 18. Several researches suggest that parental smoking is a significant predictor of adolescent smoking. This study examines the association between parental smoking and adolescent smoking and adolescent attitudes toward smoking. Data was collected from an adolescent population of L. Gan, L. Maamendhoo and L. Maavah by using self-administered anonymous questionnaire. The questionnaire was piloted and a sample of 100 was selected. The result of research showed that 38% of participants had tried smoking and from this 55.3% were known as current smokers. 14 years old was the most frequent age of initiation. And furthermore, it was shown that 37% of adolescent’s farther’s smoked, 1% of mother’s smoke, both parents smoke 15%, and 47% of adolescent’s parents were not smoking. From ever tried category, 73.7% were become a current smokers and 26.3% were quitted smoking. It was found that more than 50% of the adolescent began to smoke as an experience. Among current smokers. 57.1% could not quit smoking because of the addictive feeling; remaining 42.9% were due to habit. Most of the adolescents quitted smoking by knowing the health impact of smoking. Parent was known as second cause. The result of the research concluded that Parental smoking had (p<0.001) association between adolescent smoking. It was found that single parental smoking increases the risk of adolescent smoking by 11 times and both parents by 150 times as it compared to neither parents smoke. And adolescents with both parents smoking have highest proportion of positive attitudes toward smoking. In the meantime participants without smoking parents have less positive attitude and highest negative attitudes toward smoking.Item School Improvement: The route taken by an urban primary school in the Republic of Maldives.(Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, 2007-12-01) Didi, Ahmed AliThe primary and secondary schools in the Maldives serve over one third of the total population. Having achieved universalization of primary education, one of the challenges of the education system now is to improve the quality of primary education. Studies done in the past, to explore quality in primary education, have been quantitative in nature, telling only part of the story when it comes to describing improvement efforts. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore in detail how a primary school in an urban setting of the Maldives deals with school improvement efforts. A qualitative case study, informed by the interpretivist research paradigm, was used to explore this issue. One of the primary schools in Male' was purposefully selected for this study and 48 participants took part, of whom thirteen were students. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observations, document reviews and administering of questionnaires. The findings of this study suggest that there were three major dimensions or three interrelated, key concepts that together undergirded the improvement efforts in the school. They are change, leadership and culture. In action-oriented terms, these dimensions or concepts translated into managing change, attending to specific leader actions and influencing the school's culture, respectively, reflecting six themes of school improvement. They are: a focus on change, a focus on students, a teaching learning focus, investing in staff, strong leadership by the head and school culture. In addition to these, it was noted that these themes emerged as having significance to the school's improvement efforts against the backdrop of many stakeholder influences and contextual factors. In essence, the findings of this study portray the micro-level realities of the working of a school that is consciously and continuously striving for improving educational practice. In conclusion to the study, research implications and areas for further research have been identified that would inform educational policy and practice in the Republic of Maldives.