Thesis & Dissertations - ތީސީސް އަދި ޑެޒަޓޭޝަން
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Item 1900 މ. އިންފެށިގެން ދިވެހި ބަހުގައި ބޭނުންކުރަމުން އަންނަ ލަފުޒުތަކުގެ ތެރެއިން މާނައަށް ބޮޑެތި ބަދަލުތައް އައިސްފައިވާ ލަފުޒުތައް އެބަހުރިހެއްޔެވެ؟ ހުރިނަމަ އެފަދަ ލަފުޒުތަކުގެ މާނައަށް އައިސްފައިވަނީ ކޮނަކަހަލަ ބަދަލުތަކެއް ހެއްޔެވެ؟(Faculty of Arts, Maldives College of Higher Education, 2011-11-01) Zahiyya, Fathimath; ފާތިމަތު ޒަހިއްޔާމިދިރާސާއަކި 1900މ.އިން ފެށިގެން ދިވެހި ބަހުގައި ބޭނުންކުރެވެމުން އަންނަ ލަފުޒުތަކުގެ ތެރެއިން މާނައަށް ބޮޑެތި ބަދަލުތައް އައިސްފައިވާ ލަފުޒުތައް ހުރިތޯ ބަލައި، އެކަން ދެނެގަތުމަށާއި ހުރިނަމަ އެފަދަ ލަފުޒުތަކުގެ މާނައަށް އައިސްފައިވަނީ ކޮންކަހަލަ ބަދަލުތަކެއްކަން ދެނެގަތުމުގެ ގޮތުން ކޮށްފައިވާ ދިރާސާއެކެވެ. މިގޮތުން މިދިރާސާ ކުރިއަށްގެންދިއައީ ކޮލިޓޭޓިވް ޕެރަޑައިމްގެ މައްޗަށް ބިނާކޮށް އިންޑަކްޓިވް އެޕްރޯޗްއަށެވެ. އަދި ހަމައެހެންމެ، މިދިރާސާއަކީ ޑޮކިއިމެންޓޭޝަން އިންޓަރވިއުގެ އެހީގައި މަޢްލޫމާތު އެއްކޮށްގެން، ތައްޔާރުކޮށްފައިވާ ދިރާސާއެއްވެސް މެއެވެ. ދިރާސާއިން ހޯދި ހޯދުންތަކުގެ މައްޗަށް ބަލާއިރު، 1900މ. އިން ފެށިގެން ދިވެހި ބަހުގައި ބޭނުންކުރެވެމުން އަންނަ ލަފުޒުތަކުގެ ތެރެއިން މާނައަށް ބޮޑެތި ބަދަލުތަކެއް އައިސްފައިވާ 15 ލަފުޒު ފާހގަކުރެވިފައިވެއެވެ. އޭގެތެރޭގައި ހިމެނެނީ މާނަ ފުޅާވެފައިވާ 6 ލަފުޒާއި މާނަ ހަނިވެފައިވާ 3 ލަފުޒެވެ. އަދި އަގު ދަށްވެފައިވާ 4 ލަފުޒާއި އަގު މަތިވެފައިވާ 2 ލަފުޒު ފާހަގަ ކުރެވިފައިވެއެވެ. ހޯދުންތަކުން ފާހަގަކުރެވުނު ލަފުޒުތަކަކީ 'ލިންގްއިސްޓިކް މަރުހަލާ' އާއި 'އެކްސްޓްރާ ލިންގްއިސްޓިކް މަރުހަލާ' ގެ ތެރެއިން، ޑައިކްރޯނިކް (ޒަމާންތަކެއްގެ ތެރެއިން އަދި ސިންކްރޯނިކް (އެދުވަސްވަރެއްގެ އާއްމު ވާހަކަދެއްމުގެ ތެރެއިން ) މާނައަށް ބަދަލުއައިސްފައިވާ ލަފުޒުތަކެއްކަން ފާހަގަ ކުރެވިފައިވެއެވެ. އެހެންކަމުން، ޖުމުލަކޮށް ބަލާއިރު މި ދިރާސާގައި ފާހަގަކޮށަފއިވާ 15 ލަފުޒަކީ ވެސް، ލިންގްއިސްޓިކް ޢިލްމުގައި މާނަ ބަދަލުވުމުގެ މަރުހަލާތަކުގެ ދަށުން، މާނައަށް ބަދަލުއައިސްފައިވާ ލަފުޒުތަކެއްކަން ހޯދުންތަކުން ފާހަގަކުރެވުނެއެވެ.Item "1932 ގައި އުފެދުނު ޤާނޫނު އަސާސީއާއި 2008 ގައި އުފެދުނު ޤާނޫނު އަސާސީގެ ތެރެއިން އިންސާނީ ޙައްޤުތައް އެންމެ ބޮޑަށް ގެނެސްދީފައިވަނީ ކޮންޤާނޫނު އަސާސީއަކުން؟"(ފެކަލްޓީ އޮފް އާޓްސް، ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޤައުމީ ޔުނިވަރސިޓީ, 2016-06-01) މުޙައްމަދު އަޝްފާހު; Ashfah, Mohamedމި ދިރާސާއަކީ 1932 ވަނަ އަހަރު އުފެދިފައިވާ ޤާނޫނު އަސާސީއާއި 2008 ވަނަ އަހަރު އުފެދިފައިވާ ޤާނޫނު އަސާސީގެ ތެރެއިން އިންސާނުންގެ ޙައްޤުތައް އެންމެބޮޑަށް ގެނެސްދީފައިވަނީ ކޮންޤާނޫނު އަސާސީއަކުންތޯ ބެލުމަށް ކުރެވިފައިވާ ދިރާސާއެކެވެ. މިދިރާސާގެ ބޭނުމަކީ ސިޔާސީ ގޮތުންނާއި، ޢިލްމީގޮތުންނާއި، ތަފާތު ވިސްނުމުގެ ގޮތުން ވިސްނާފަރާތްތަކަށް މި ދެޤާނޫނު އަސާސީގައި ބަޔާންކޮށްފައިވާ އިންސާނީ ޙައްޤުތަކަކީ ދިވެހި ރައްޔިތުންނަށް ފައިދާހުރި އަދި އެހާމެ ބޭނުންތެރި ޙައްޤުތަކެއްކަން އަންގައިދިނުމެވެ. ލިބިފައިވާ ވަގުތުގެ ކުޑަކަމުންނާއި، ދިރާސާގެ ކުރުކަމުން ރާއްޖޭގައި އުފެދިފައިވާ ހުރިހާ ޤާނޫނު އަސާސީއަކަށް މި ދިރާސާގައި ބަލައިލާފައެއް ނުވާނެއެވެ. އެހެންކަމުން މި ދިރާސާގެ ސުވާލު މިވަނީ ހަމައެކަނި 1932 ވަނަ އަހަރާއި 2008 ވަނަ އަހަރުގެ ޤާނޫނު އަސާސީއަށް އަމާޒުކުރެވިފައެވެ. އެގޮތުން މިދެޤާނޫނު އަސާސީގައިވާ އިންސާނީ ޙައްޤުތަކަށް މިދިރާސާގައި ބަލާލާފައިވާނެއެވެ. މި ދިރާސާކުރުމުގައި އިންސާނީ ޙައްޤުތައް މިންކޮށްފައިވާނީ ދުނިޔޭގެ ހުރިހާ ޤާނޫނު އަސާސީއެއްވެސް އެކުލަވާލުމުގައި ޢަމަލުކޮށްފައިވާ ޔުނިވާރސަލް ޑިކްލަރޭޝަން އޮފް ހިޔުމަން ރައިޓްސްގައިވާ ޤާނޫނުތަކުންނެވެ. އަދި މީގެ އިތުރުން ދުނިޔޭގެ އިންސާނީ ޙައްޤުތަކާބެހޭ ޖަމްޢިއްޔާ ތަކުގައި ބަޔާންކޮށްފައިވާ ޙައްޤުތަކަށްވެސް ޝާމިލްކޮށްފައިވާނެއެވެ. މިދިރާސާއަކީ ހަމައެކަނި މިދެޤާނޫނު އަސާސީގައިވާ އިންސާނީ ޙައްޤުތަކަށް ބަލާ ދިރާސާއަކަށްވާތީވެ، މިޙައްޤުތައް ޔުނިވާރސަލް ޑިކްލަރޭޝަންއިން ކިރާލުމަށްފަހު ނަތީޖާ ދެނެގަނެވެއެވެ. އެހެންކަމުން މި ރިސަރޗްގައި ބޭނުންކޮށްފައިވާނީ ކުއަލިޓޭޓިވް މެތަޑެކެވެ. ދިރާސާއިން ހާމަވި ގޮތުގައި ދެޤާނޫނު އަސާސީގައިވެސް ފުރިހަމައަށް އިންސާނީ ޙައްޤުތައް ގެނެސްދީފައިވެއެވެ. އެއިރަކަށް އަދި އެޒަމާނަކަށް ފައްތައިގެން ގެނެސްފައިވާ ޙައްޤުތަކަކީ ރައްޔިތުންނަށް ބޭނުންތެރި ޙައްޤުތަކެކެވެ. އެގޮތުން 1932 ގެ ޤާނޫނު އަސާސީއިން 19 ޙައްޤެއް ގެނެސްދީފައި ވާއިރު 2008 ގެ ޤާނޫނު އަސާސީއިން 53 ޙައްޤު ގެނެސްދީފައިވެއެވެ. 1932 ގެ ޤާނޫނު އަސާސީގައި ޙައްޤުތައް މަދުކަމުގައި ވީނަމަވެސް 2008 ގެ ޤާނޫނުން ލިބިދީފައިވާ ގިނަ ޙައްޤުތައް 1932 ގެ ޤާނޫނު އަސާސީގެ އެއްމެ މާއްދާއަކުންވެސް ލިބިދީފައިވެއެވެ. އަދި 2008 ގެ ޤާނޫނުން ނުލިބޭ ޙައްޤުތައް 1932 ގެ ޤާނޫން ލިބިދީފައިވެސްވެއެވެ. އެހެންކަމުން ދިރާސާގެ ހޯދުންތަކުން ދައްކަނީ 1932 ގެ ޤާނޫނު އަސާސީގައިވާ ޙައްޤުތައް މަދުކަމުގައި ވީނަމަވެސް އެޙައްޤުތަކަކީ ބޭނުންތެރި އެންމެ ޙައްޤަކުންވެސް އެތައް ޙައްޤުތަކެއް ލިބިގެންދާ މާއްދާތައް ހުރި ޤާނޫނު އަސާސީއެއް ކަމުގައެވެ. އަދި 2008 ގެ ޤާނޫނު އަސާސީއަކީ ވަރަށް ތަފްސީލުކޮށް ވަކިވަކި މާއްދާތަކެއްގެ ގޮތުގައި ގިނަ މާއްދާތަކެއް ގެނެސްދީފައިވާ ޤާނޫނު އަސާސީއެއްކަމުގައެވެ.Item 1950 ގެ އަހަރުގެ ތެރޭގައި ދެކުނުގެ ތިން އަތޮޅުގައި އުފެއްދި ބަޣާވާތް: ގދ. ހިވަރު ތިނަދޫ މީހުންގެ ދައުރު(ފެކަލްޓީ އޮފް އާޓްސް، މޯލްޑިވްސް ކޮލެޖް އޮފް ހަޔަރ އެޑިޔުކޭޝަން, 2009-11-01) އާމިނަތު ޝަފީޤާ; Shafeega, Aminathމިދިރާސާއަކީ ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގައި ހިނގައިދިޔަ ހަމަނުޖެހުމެއްކިމަށްވާ ދެކުނުގެ ތިންއަތޮޅު އެކުވެގެން އުފެއްދި ބަޣާވާތުގައި ގ. ހަވަރު ތިނަދޫ މީހުންގެ ދައުރަކީ ކޮބައިތޯ ބެލުމަށްކުރި ދިރާސާއެކެވެ. މިކަން ދެނެގަތުމައްޓަކައި މިކަމާބެހޭގޮތުން ލިޔެފައިހުރި ލިޔުންތަކުން މަޢުލޫމާތު ނެގުމުގެ އިތުރުން ބަޣާވާތާއި ގުޅުން ހުރި ގިނަ ފަރާއްތަކުން ހޮދި މަޢުލޫމާތުގެ އިތުރުން ޝާއިޢު ނުކުރާ ލިޔުމަކުން ނެގިފައިވާ މަޢުލޫމާތުގެ ބޭނުން ކޮށްފައިވާނެއެވެ. އެހެންކަމުން ނިންމުންތައް ނިންމާފައިވާނީ މިދެންނއވުނު މަޢުލޫމާތުގެ އިތުރުކުރެވުނު ސާވޭއާއި 15 ފަރާތެއްގެ ބަސްދީގަތުން ހިމަނައިގެންނެވެ. 13 މާރޗް 1959 ގައި އުފެއްދި ސުވައިދީބު ސަރުކާރު އުފައްދަން އައްޑޫ މީހުން އިސްކޮންތިބެގެން ދިން ދަޢުވަތު ފުވައްމުލަކު މީހުންނެކޭ އެއްގޮތަށް ހުވަދު އަތޮޅު މީހުންވެސް ޤަބޫލު ކޮއްފައިވެއެވެ. ހައަރު ތިނަދޫ މީހުން މިބަޣާވާތުގައި ބައިވެރިވި ހިސާބުން ފެށިގެން ހިނގި ދެބަޣާވާތުގައި ހަވަރު ތިނަދޫ މީހުން އިސްކޮން އުޅެފައިވެއެވެ. އަދި މިފަދަ ބަޣާވާތެއް ހިންގަންޖެހުނުކަމަށް ފެނިގެން ދިޔައީ ރައްޔިތުން ހިތްހަމަ ނުޖެހޭ އެތައްކަންތައްތަކެއް އޭގެ ތެރޭގައިއެކުލެވިގެންނެވެ. ހަމައެހެންމެ ފުރަތަމަ ބަޣާވާތަށްފަހު ހަވަރުތިނަދޫގައި ބައިތިއްބާފައިތިބި ސިފައިންގެ ޢަމަލު ތަކުގެ ސަބަބުން ދެވެނަބަޣާވާތަކަށް މަގު ފަހިވިއެވެ. ހުވަދޫ ބަޣާވާތް ނިމުމަކަށް ގެނެވުމައްޓަކައި އޭރުގެ ބޮޑުވަޒީރު އިބްރާހިމް ނާޞިރު ހަވަރު ތިނަދޫ ފަޅު ރަށެއް ކަމުގައި އިޢުލާން ކުރައްވާ، ތިނަދޫއިން މީހުން ބޭލިއެވެ. މިހުރިހާ ކަމެއް ހިނގައި ދިޔުމުގައި އެތައްބަޔަކު ޙިއްސާވެ، އެތައް ކަންތައްތަކެއް ހިނގާފައި ވެއެވ. މިދިރާސާގައި މިކަންތައްތައް ހިނގައިދިޔަގޮތް ބަލައި ހޯދާ، ލިބުނު ހެކިތަކާއެކު ނިންމުންތައް ނިންމާފައިވާނެއެވެ.Item "1978 ވަނަ އަހަރުން ފެށިގެން 2008 ވަނަ އަހަރުގެ ނިޔަލަށް، ވޭތުވެދިޔަ 30 އަހަރުގެ ތެރޭގައި ށ. މާކަނޑޫދޫ ރައްޔިތުންނަށް ތަޢުލީމީގޮތުން އައިސްފައިވާ ބަދަލުތަކަކީ ކޮބައި ހެއްޔެވެ؟"(ފެކަލްޓީ އޮފް އާޓްސް، ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޤައުމީ ޔުނިވަރސިޓީ, 2011-11-01) Mohamed, Muslim; މުސްލިމް މުޙައްމަދު1978ވަނަ އަހަރު ފެށުނުއިރު، މާކަނޑޫދޫގެ ތަޢުލީމީ ޙާލަތު އޮތީ، ވަރަށް ދަށުގައެވެ. އޭރު ކިޔަވައިދެނީ ގްރޭޑް 5ގެ ފެންވަރަށެވެ. ކިޔަވައިދިނުމުގައި ބޭނުންކުރަނީ، މަދު ވަސީލަތްތަކެކެވެ. އޭގެ ތެރޭގައި ހިމެނެނީ އާދައިގެ ފޮތާއި ފަންސުރާއި ބޯޑާއި ވޮށުފިލާ ފަދަ ތަކެއްޗެވެ. ސްކޫލުގައި ކިޔަވަން ތިބެންޖެހެނީ، ކުނާ މަތީގައެވެ. އެހެންނަމަވެސް، ވޭތުވެދިޔަ 30 އަހަރުގެ ތެރޭގައި މާކަނޑޫދޫ ރައްޔިތުންގެ ތަޢުލީމަށް ވަނީ ވަރަށް ބޮޑެތި ބަދަލުތަކެއް އައިސްފައެވެ. ވޭތުވެދިޔަ 30 އަހަރު ފެށުނުއިރު، މާކަނޑޫދޫގައި ތިބީ ސަނަދެއް އޮތް އެންމެ ދެ މީހުންނެވެ. އެހެންނަމަވެސް، މި ވޭތުވެދިޔަ މުއްދަތުގެ ތެރޭގައި އެކި ފެންވަރުގެ ސަނަދުތަކާއި ސެޓްފިކެޓްތައް ހޯދާފައިވާ ފަންސާހަކަށް މީހުން އެބަތިއްބެވެ. އަދި ރަށުގައި ތިބެގެން ޖީ.ސީ.އީ. އޯލެވެލް ހަދާފައިވާ 400 އަށްވުރެ ގިނަ ކުދިން އެބަތިއްބެވެ. ޓީޗަރުންގެ ގޮތުގައި ތިރީހަށްވުރެ ގިނަ މީހުންވަނީ އެކަމުގެ ތަމްރީނު ހަދާފައެވެ. އަދި މީގެ އިތުރުން ޞިއްޙީ ދާއިރާއިން، 12ވަރަކަށް މީހުންވަނީ މިކަމުގެ ތަޢުލީމާއި ތަމްރީނު ޙާޞިލުކޮށްފައެވެ.Item 25 އަހަރުގެ ކުރިއެރުމާއި ދިމާވި ގޮންޖެހުންތަކާއި އޭގެ ސަބަބުތައް (2010-1985) : ތ. އަތޮޅުމަދަރުސާ(ފެކަލްޓީ އޮފް އާޓްސް، މޯލްޑިވްސް ކޮލެޖް އޮފް ހަޔަރ އެޑިއުކޭޝަން, 2011-11-01) Shareef, Mohamed; މުޙައްމަދު ޝަރީފްމިއީ ވޭތުވެދިޔަ 25 އަހަރުގެ ތެރޭގައި، ކޮޅުމަޑުލު އަތޮޅު މަދަރުސާއަށް، ލިބިފައިވާ ކުރިއެރުމާއި، ކުރިއެރުން ލިބިފައިވާ ގޮތްތަކާއި، ދިމާވި ގޮންޖެހުންތަކާއި އޭގެ ސަބަބުތައް ދެނެގަތުމަށް ކުރި ދިރާސާއެކެވެ. މި ދިރާސާގައި ތަފާތު ތިންދާއިރާއަކުން ލިބިފައިވާ ކުރިއެރުންތަކާއި ގޮންޖެހުންތަކާއި އޭގެ ސަބަބުތަކަށް ބަލާލެވިފައި ވާނެއެވެ. އތިން ދާއިރާއަކީ އުނގެނުމާއި އުނގަންނައި ދިނުމާއި މެނޭޖުމެންޓާއި ޢުމުރާނިއްޔަތެވެ. މި ދިރާސާއިން ދެއްކި ގޮތުގައި، އުނގެނުމާއި އުނގަންނައިދިނުން ކާމިޔާބުވުމުގެ ސިއްރަކީ، މަޤްޞަދެއް އޮތުމާއި، އެކަށީގެންވާ ވަޞީލަތްތައް ލިބުމާއި، ކަމަށް ޤާބިލް މުދައްރިސުން ލިބުމެވެ. މެނޭޖުމެންޓުގެ ތަރައްޤީގެ ސިއްރަކީ މެނޭޖުމެންޓުގެ އެއް ތިއަރީ ކަމަށްވާ، ނާޒިރުގެ ލީޑަރޝިޕެވެ. މިގޮތުން މީހުން ބިނާކުރުމަށް ދެއްވި އަހައްމިއްޔަތާއި، އިދާރީ ގޮތުން ގެންނެވި ހެޔޮ ބަދަލުތަކެވެ. އަދި ޓީމް ވާރކުގެ ގޮތުގައި މަދަރުސާގެ އެންމެހާ މުވައްޒަފުން މެނޭޖުމެންޓާއި ގުޅިގެން އެކުވެރިކަމާއި އެއްބައިވަންތަކަމުގައި، މަސައްކަތްކުރިކަމީ، އަރުތަ ލިބިގެންދިއުމުގެ އެންމެ ބޮޑު ސިއްރުކަން މި ދިރާސާއިން ދައްކައެވެ. ޢިމްރާނީ ތަރައްޤީއަށް ނަޒަރު ހިންގައިލާއިރު، ފަސް ކިލާސް ރޫމުގެ ޤިމާރާތަކުން ފެށުނު ތ.އަތޮޅު މަދަރުސާގައި އުނގަންނައި ދިނުމަށްޓަކައި، އިތުރު އެގާރަ ކިލާސް ރޫމާއި، ސްޕަވައިޒާރސް ރޫމާއި ސްޓާފް ރޫމެއްގެ އިތުރުން، ސައިންސް ލެބަކާއި ކޮމްޕިއުޓަރ ލެބަކާއި ލައިބްރަރީއެއް ބިނާކުރެވިފައި ވެއެވެ. މިއީ ޢިމްރާނީ ގޮތުން މަދަރުސާއަށް ލިބިގެންދިޔަ ރަނގަޅު ކުރިއެރުމެވެ. މިކަމުގެ ކާމިޔާބީގެ ފަހަތުގައި، މަދަރުސާގެ މުވައްޒަފުންނާއި ވަކިން ޚާއްޞަގޮތެއްގައި ބެލެނިވެރިންގެ މަތިވެރި ޤުރުބާނީ ފާހަގަކޮށްލަން ޖެހެއެވެ.Item 6-3 އަހަރާއި ދެމެދު ކުދިން ބެލުމަށް މެއިޑުން ގެންގުޅޭމީހުންގެ ދަރިންނާއި، މެއިޑުން ނުގެންގުޅޭ މީހުންގެ ދަރީންގެ، ބަސް ތަރައްޤީ ވެފައި ހުރި މިންވަރުގައި ތަފާތެއްވޭހެއްޔެވެ؟(ފެކަލްޓީ އޮފް އާޓްސް، ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޤައުމީ ޔުނިވަރސިޓީ, 2016-06-01) ޝިއުނާ އިދްރީސް; Idrees, Shiunaމި ދިރާސާއަކީ މެއިޑުން ގެންގުޅޭ މީހުންގެކުދީންނާ މެއިޑުން ނުގެންގުޅޭ މީހުންގެ ކުދިންގެ ބަސްތަރައްޤީވެފައި ހުރި މިންވަރުގައި ތަފާތެއް ވޭތޯ ބެލުމަށް ކުރެވުނު ދިރާސާއެކެވެ. މި ދިރާސާއިން ލިބުނު މަޢުލޫމާތުގެ އަލީގައި ފާހަގަ ކުރެވުނު އެންމެ މުހިއްމު އެއްކަމަކީ މެއިޑުން ގެންގުޅޭ މީހުންގެ ކުދިން އެ އުމުރުގެ އެހެން ކުދިންނާ އަޅާބަލާއިރު ބަސްތަރައްޤީވާންޖެހޭ މިންވަރަށް ބަސް ތަރއްގީ ނުވާ ކަމެވެ. އެއީ ޖުމުލަތައް ބުނާއިރުވެސް 2 ލަފުޒު ނޫނީ ތިން ލަފުޒުގެ ޖުމުލަ ބޭނުންކޮށްގެން ޖުމުލަ ބުނަންނޭގޭކަން ހާމަވެގެންދިޔައެވެ. އަދި ވާހަކަ ދައްކާއިރު ބަހުގެ ގަވާއިދާ ޚިލާފުވާހަކަ ދައްކާކަން ފަހަގަ ކުރެވުނެވެ. މި ގޮތުން އެ ކުދީންނާއެކު އުޅޭ މެއިޑް މީހާ ދިވެހި ބަސް ބޭނުން ކުރާ ގޮތަށް ބޭނުން ކުރާކަންފާހަގަ ކުރެވުނެވެ. މިދިރާސާއިން ފާހަގަ ކުރެވުނު އަނެއްކަމަކީ ބެލެނިވެރިންނާ ކުދީން ގާތުގައި އުޅޭ މީހުން ބަސް ބޭނުން ކުރާގޮތުން ނުނީ އެހެން ބަހަކުން ވާހަކަ ދެއްކުމުގެ ސަބަބުންވެސް އެ ކުދިންގެ ބަސް ތަރައްޤީވުމަށް ހުރަސްއެޅިގެން ދާ ކަމެވެ.Item A failed education system : issue with low achievers(2025) Ahmed, Zameer; ޒަމީރު އަހުމަދުThis article is about the Maldives Education system. In this article, the issue with low achievers has being discussed. How to overcome the major issue in education. The article is backed with literature.Item Abundance of microplastic pollution and the impact of land-use and ocean current on plastic pollution in the Maldives(The University of Sheffield, 2023-03) Naeem, Aminath Uyoon; އާމިނަތު އުޔޫން ނައީމްApproximately 4.8 to 12.7 million tonnes of plastics enter the marine environment annually contributing to 5 trillion pieces of plastic in the global oceans and surface waters. Plastics in the marine environment can exist as macro, meso, and microplastics and due to its durability and longevity, once they are introduced into the environment, it can persist and be distributed globally by ocean currents and winds. Regardless of the high abundance of plastic pollution in the environment and its various negative impacts on marine ecosystems, human health, and the economy of countries such as the Maldives that depend on biodiversity-based economic sectors such as tourism and fisheries, research regarding causes of plastic pollution and sources of microplastics and its abundance is scarce. This study aims to quantify microplastic pollution in the Maldives and to identify sources of plastic pollution by investigating the effects of land-use and ocean currents on plastic pollution in the Maldives. A combination of field and laboratory methods was used to collect beach sediment samples, log macro and mesoplastics and to isolate, identify and quantify microplastic pollution on three different islands of varying land-use intensity (Industrial, Urban and Rural) in the Maldives. Additionally, Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to map ocean currents and identify the influence of ocean currents on microplastic distribution on the Maldivian islands. The results of this study shows that there is a significant level of microplastic pollution at the studied islands: K. Thulusdhoo, K. Villingli and B. Dhonfanu. Additionally, it also showed that the pollution levels at these three islands were higher compared to other coastal areas in the Indian Ocean, as well as other regions of the world. Furthermore, the results showed that the microplastic abundance at Thulusdhoo, an industrial island, was statistically different to both Dhonfanu which is a rural island and the urban island, Villingili proving that land-use influences plastic pollution. However, the difference between the Urban and Rural islands, despite the Urban island having a higher microplastic abundance was not significant, indicating that other factors such as ocean currents also influence microplastic abundance. The ocean current direction and speed along with the difference in the shape and size of microplastic found on the islands proves that ocean currents were also an influencing factor in microplastic abundance on the Maldivian islands.Item Adaptive capacity of islands of the Maldives to climate change(James Cook University, 2018-11) ޢިބްރާހިމް މުހައްމަދު; Mohamed, IbrahimIn today’s world, small islands are exposed to unprecedented impacts of global climate change. The ability of small islands to adjust and cope with these impacts is based on a number of socio-ecological parameters. Research on adaptive capacity has gained momentum within the last decade, and opted assets-based theories, correlating adaptive capacity to utilisation of available opportunities and resources. While such methodologies have major limitations, there is a dearth of studies on adaptive capacity of small islands at the frontier of global climate change. The small island nations are threatened with loss of culture and disruptions to livelihoods, as well as ability to support human habitation from the predicted future effects of climate change. This thesis provides information on this life and cultural threatening issues by identifying the potential for, and limits to, climate change adaptive capacity in the islands of the Maldives through a lens of islandness. This thesis employed a multidisciplinary theoretical framework and contributed to a holistic understanding of adaptive capacity of small islands. The study utilised theory of islandness from an epistemological perspective of pragmatism. The concurrent mixed methods approach, based on analogue comparative case study methodology, involved both constructivist and positivist approaches. The study examined five case study islands from the Maldives and triangulated data obtained from document analysis, participatory climate change adaptation appraisal, stakeholder interviews, surveys, and spatial analysis of biogeophysical characteristics. The results of this study demonstrated that adaptive capacity of islands is a predicament of the biogeophysical characteristics, socio-politics and governance, socio-cultural, and socio economic factors. The analyses revealed that: (1) the most critical influence on adaptive capacity is from biogeophysical characteristics of islands, followed by socio-cognitive aspects related to belief efficacy of islanders; (2) at a household level, assets, social organisation and flexibility contributed significantly to adaptive capacity; (3) the islands are currently approaching their adaptive capacity thresholds, owing to non-linearity of responses of biogeophysical features of islands to ongoing climate change impacts, especially increases in temperature, sea level rise and changes in rainfall; (4) islands at the edge of crossing the adaptive capacity thresholds require engineered transformative adaptation; and (5) transformation of adaptive capacity into adaptive actions requires empowerment of islanders, democratisation of institutions, and strategic planning of hard and soft adaptation measures within an island context and scale. Consequently, encoding and decoding of adaptive capacity from an island epistemological view defines what socioecological aspects, and by which strategies, adaptation can be mobilised and enhanced. Emergent findings indicative of future research includes incorporating ethnography with phenomenology in the study of adaptive capacity and refining the methods used in data collection. Additionally, the present research confirmed that an adaptive capacity index does not translate how the adaptive capacity can be mobilised in to action in islands, and is not significant. The results of this thesis offer significant contribution for policy makers and adaptation practitioners on how climate change policies and strategies need to commensurate with the context of the dynamic socio-ecological system of the islands. The present study also offers an insight of strengths, limitations and challenges on islands in adapting to future climate change.Item Age and growth of whale sharks (rhincodon typus) near the south ari atoll, Maldives(Nova Southeastern University, 2017-03-01) Perry, Cameron T.Despite the growing number of interactions with whale sharks through ecotourism, little or no information is available on important aspects of whale shark biology, such as growth rates, reproductive rates, survival rates and breeding habitats (Holmberg et al., 2009). Critical information, such as age and growth of whale sharks, is needed to improve the management and conservation of the species (Hsu et al., 2014; Rohner et al., 2015). Accurate measurement of life-history parameters can improve demographic models for whale sharks and enable better evaluation of their vulnerability to fishing pressures and recovery from population declines (Rohner et al., 2015). For the Maldives, knowledge on the ages and sizes of whale sharks may also provide crucial information into migration routes and potential links between other Indian Ocean aggregation sites. This study aimed to expand on the knowledge of age and growth of whale sharks in the Maldives by calculating growth parameters and rates from encounters during the time period of April 2006 to May 2016. A total of 1545 encounters with 125 individual sharks were recorded during this time period. Total length estimates were taken via three different measurement methods (visual, tape, and laser) and linear regression was utilized to investigate how the different methods were related to one another. This study showed that visual estimates tended to underestimate large sharks and tape and laser measurements yielded similar results to one another (R2 = 0.824). New sharks to the South Ari Atoll were significantly smaller than returning sharks. This provides evidence that small sharks may be recruited to the South Ari Atoll, where they stay and grow until they reach maturity and then they leave the area. This study was the first of its kind to produce growth parameters and rates from measurements of free-swimming whale sharks. Growth parameters for combined sex, calculated from 180 encounters with 44 individual sharks (3.16m – 8.00m), yielded an L of 19.556m and a k value of 0.0211yr-1. Analyzing 177 encounters with 40 male sharks (3.16m-8.00m) changed these parameters to an L of 18.081m and a k value of 0.0234yr1. This corresponds to a male age of maturity of ~25 years and a longevity of ~140 years. Keywords: von Bertalanffy, laser photogrammetry, growth rate, total lengthItem An analysis of the impact of fast food consumption on obesity in secoundary grade students of gaaf alif atoll education Centre(Faculty of health sciences, Maldives National University, 2013-05) މުޙައްމަދު މީޒާން; Meezan, MohamedItem Assessing the environmental and biological variables that make South Ari Atoll Marine Protected Area (SAMPA) a world renowned whale shark aggregation site(University of York, 2017-09-19) Jefferson, TamlinWhale sharks (Rhincodon typus) typically aggregate in response to seasonal increases in prey abundance, with phytoplankton blooms as well as fish and coral spawning events attracting large numbers of sharks. However, the whale sharks of South Ari Atoll Marine Protected Area (SAMPA) show extraordinary site fidelity, with a predictable year round population and no seasonal peak in aggregations. Whale sharks are slow to reach sexual maturity and vulnerable to overexploitation, which has resulted in a decline in global populations by >50% over the last 75 years. This study assesses the environmental and biological variables driving whale shark aggregations at SAMPA in order to improve whale shark conservation strategies. The whale shark encounter and environmental data used in this study were collected by the MWSRP team from the 1st of January 2014 to the 18th of April 2017. Surveys were conducted from Dhigurah to Rangali along the epipelagic reef fringe in a local vessel. A mean of whale sharks per day (shark encounters/search effort) and 12 environmental variables were calculated to allow for accurate comparisons between data using a Gaussian Generalised Linear Model (GLM). Of these variables, chlorophyll a (P=0.0217) and current strength (P=0.0058) were found to have a significant relationship with mean whale sharks per day (α=0.026). The environmental and biological variables analysed were found to affect the year round aggregation of whale sharks at SAMPA, but the primary drivers of site fidelity remain unknownItem Assessment in Male’ schools : three primary teachers' knowledge, beliefs, & typical assessment practices(University of Canterbury, 2013-01-01) Mohamed, NiumaThis thesis describes a qualitative case study of assessment practices in three primary classrooms in urban schools in the Maldives. Qualitative data was obtained from semi-structured interviews, lesson observations, and school and classroom documents guided the study. Assessment practice in Maldivian schools is undergoing change. The newly developed draft of Maldivian National Curriculum with associated documents aligns assessment, instruction, and curriculum to provide optimum learning conditions for students. The Maldivian Ministry of Education (MOE), in collaboration with UNICEF, has introduced quality indicators for the Child Friendly Baraabaru School (CFBS) based on the Maldivian National Curriculum. These indicators stress the importance of maintaining a balance between assessment for learning (formative assessment) and assessment of learning (summative assessment). The dissemination and implementation of best practices in formative assessment are currently underway in Maldivian schools. This study portrays a ―snapshot in time‖ of assessment practices of three teachers and utilizes the findings to provide an insight into the MOE‘s initiative of assessment innovations in Maldivian classrooms and schools. The study found that the three teachers have to practice formative assessment within high quality interactions based on thoughtful questions, attend to responses, and with observation and documentation to reflect a valid picture of the whole child. Nevertheless, the study also showed how the three teachers separated assessment from teaching and learning as well as how the teachers documented and reported this assessment data. There is a strong element of competition for academic achievement, as reported in grades and numerical scores. The competition is amongst students, teachers and parents. This competition appears to get in the way of assessment being used to support teaching and learning. Nonetheless, when the research data was explored through a formative assessment lens, there was also evidence of formative assessment being used in the normal day-to-day happenings in the three classrooms. The teachers in this study were not always confident in their use of formative assessment, and did not necessarily recognize when they were using formative assessment strategies. They all wanted all of their students to be successful learners, and they wanted to be good teachers. The study shows some of the complexities that teachers face when implementing new approaches to assessment.Item Assessment of socio-economic impect of food, fuel and financial crisis on Maldives(2009-07-31) ޝަފީނާޒް އަބްދުލް ސައްތާރު; Abdul-Sattar, ShafeenazItem Bulling prevalence and associated factors of bullying among public middle school 6 and 7th grade student in Male’ city(ފެކަލްޓީ އޮފް ހެލްތު ސައިންސު, 2015-07-01) އައިޝަތު ހަސަން; Hassan, AishathItem Bullying and victimization of adolescent students, in primary schools of Male’.(Faculty of Health Sciences, 2015-11-01) Azlifa, AminathThe purpose of this study was to find out extend of bullying and victimization in adolescent students, in primary schools of Male’, based on descriptive cross-sectional survey was done using quantitative data to identify the causes which increase the risk of being victims and their impacts. Total 120 students studying in grade 6 and 7, from different 5 schools in Male’ city, took part in this study, from which it has shown 60 percent students were being bullied. Boys are more involved in bullying activities, where 54 percent of the victims said they were being bullied by boys, which is 36 percent higher than the girls. Most of the students were bullied verbally, followed by physical bullying and indirect bullying. Moreover, most victims are not satisfied with their body image or they are less popular among the students, and no significant impact on academic performance and self-esteem of the students were found. Likewise, the extent of being bullied, affect social and emotional behaviors of students were studied and found that there is a high chance (Adjusted OR 1.353) to be lonely among the group who are bullied than those who are not bullied. Variable feeling sad and hurt at school has a high significant association with a P value of 0.001 with an (Adjusted OR 3.103). This indicates that those who have being bullied have 3.103 times higher chance of feeling sad than those who are not bullied. However, to reduce further risks, schools should strengthen their anti-bullying policies and educate students about bullying and victimizations and their risks.Item Challenges in implementing a successful school health program in Maldives.(Faculty of Health Sciences, 2015-11-01) Ahmed, Ali GudhurathullaIt is self-evident that school health program in Maldives has not been in line with School Health Policy 2011. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the challenges faced by the schools in implementing school health programs successfully as comprehended in School Health Policy. This research paper focuses mainly on 5 areas of challenges, human resource, perception of importance, staff, parent, community and government’s support, adequate infrastructure and budget and finance. 28 schools randomly selected from the first 11 atolls except Alifu Dhaalu atoll was accounted in the research. Several challenges in implementing school health programs among these schools were identified, including lack of human resources, inadequate support from parents, staffs and community in implementation, and lack of adequate infrastructure. In addition to addressing these issues, improving awareness of school management on School Health Policy, school health program and its importance would likely improve the success rate of the program.Item Challenges in learning a second language: Voices from the Maldives National University(2013-12-01) Nasheeda, AminathThis paper reports on the results of a study exploring the challenges students encounter in learning a second language at Maldives National University. The study further sought to provide strategies that could be adopted to enhance second language development at this level. A qualitative research methodology was adopted in the collection and analysis of data. Therefore, the main source of data collection was interviews and it included five unstructured interviews with qualified and experienced English Language lecturers and five students who study English as a Second Language. In analyzing the data, framework analysis was employed to identify the factors that hinder the development of second language proficiency in language learners at Maldives National University. Hence, the findings revealed that factors such as belief, language transfer, motivation, intelligence, anxiety, willingness to communicate, age and personality influence second language learning. In addition, instructional strategies that were considered to be useful were highlighted by the participants. The interpretation of results was discussed in light of pedagogical approaches to language teaching that could be implemented by both educators and learners.Item Challenges of including local women in community-based tourism in Maldives : case of Baa Atoll(KDI School of Public Policy and Management, 2021) Waheed, Aishath Shamrath; އައިޝަތު ޝަމްރަތް ވަހީދްItem Challenges that are faced by schools in implementing health education program(Maldives National University, 2015-11) Saalima, AminathItem Changing reef values : an inquiry into the use, management and governances of reef resources in island communities of the Maldives(University of Canterbury, 2012-10-01) Mohamed, MiznaThe thesis is an exploration into the ways in which island communities living in coral reef environments value the surrounding reef resources. This research is conducted in seven communities in the Maldives. A qualitative approach is used as this inquiry involves gaining insight of human perceptions and behaviours. Discussions and interaction with participants in community activities and participant observation were the main inquiry methods used. Specifically, the research focuses on sand from the beach, coral from the house reef and fish in the island lagoon. The exploration of reef values show that multiple reef values exist and they are constantly changing. How communities interact with the resources and how the communities itself had changed over time contribute to this change in resource value. Physical and social factors, such as resource type, availability and location, physical characteristics of islands, community size, and socio-economic conditions, contribute to the changing reef values. Based on these changing values, it is recommended to go beyond one formal governance rules that fits all. Instead local adaptations based on local ways of valuing need to be considered. A most notable change impacting reef values is the migration of families to the capital. This reduces their interactions both with the reef environment and other community members. In addition, the current globalised education is causing the development of a predominantly globalised worldview among the present generations. In this new worldview, the sacred is separated from the secular. Thus, spiritual and moral beliefs have become isolated from resource management practices. I also find it of concern that local worldviews are being negated at the expense of concern for the global environment. I highlight the importance of schooling to instil knowledge about our local environments and local worldviews. It is also through education we can re-integrate the sacred into our practices and such changes need to be starting at an individual level.Item Characteristics of whale shark rhincodon typus around the island of st helena, south atlantic & the comparative impact of ecotourism(University of York, 2017-07-03) Hindle, Katie328 whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) were identified using photographs and pattern recognition software between 2013 and 2017 around the island of St Helena in the South Atlantic. The highest number of whale sharks were recorded in the month of January. This is probably due to the sharks exploiting a seasonally abundant food source, such as tuna (Scombridae spp.) and other fish spawn in the waters around St Helena. Other behaviours observed included females remaining stationary in an inverted arc posture with males swimming around them, which is associated with mating behaviour in other shark species. The mean total length of the sharks was 7.63 metres, and of the sharks whose sex was determined 45.9% (133) were female, and 54.1% (157) male. Of those males, only one was juvenile as determined by clasper morphology. Worldwide, aggregations of whale sharks tend to consist of majority juvenile males. The combination of mature male and female whale sharks in the study area and the observed courtship behaviour means it is possible that the waters around St Helena are of global importance for whale shark mating. The St Helena aggregation was compared to an aggregation in the Maldives with 315 whale sharks identified over 10 years. Whale sharks in the Maldives bore a significantly higher injury rate (82.2%, p<0.001, X2 test) than those in the St Helena aggregation (9.1%), with anthropogenic injuries in Maldives at 54.9%, compared to 2.4% in St Helena. This may be a consequence of the greater number of weakly regulated ecotourism boats targeting the Maldives aggregation compared to the tightly regulated and limited ecotourism for whale sharks around St Helena.Item Civil service in an emerging democracy : the case of the Maldives(Victoria University of Wellington, 2013) Faizal, Mohamed; މުހައްމަދު ފައިޒަލްItem A cohort study of postnatal depression, infant feeding practices and infant growth in Male', the Republic of Maldives.(Curtin University, 2014-10-31) Abdul Raheem, RaheemaA cohort study was undertaken on 458 mothers and their infants, selected from antenatal clinics in Malé, the capital city of the Republic of Maldives. Details of infant feeding and growth and maternal perinatal depression were recorded. Breastfeeding initiation is 100%, but there is a high rate of prelacteal and early complementary feeds. Perinatal depression rates are similar to other regional countries, but commonly results in early cessation of breastfeeding.Item Competency-based assessment : a holistic approach for developing and demonstrating 'competence' : a literature review(The University of Newscastle, 2000-06) Ibrahim, AsiyaThis thesis presents an analysis of competency-based approaches to assessment. An extensive literature review was conducted to explore aspects and issues involved in developing and implementing competency-based assessment. The review was based on the premise that literature can provide useful information to implement an ongoing competency based approach to assessment of undergraduate nursing students in The Republic of Maldives. The recent literature relating to competency-based approaches to education and assessment values this method for its contribution to the development of a more comprehensive view if education and assessment, particularly in nursing. The main theme that developed from analysis of the literature was that developing a competency-based assessment framework could facilitate an individual to develop and demonstrate competency for professional practice. Competency-based assessment has been described in the literature as a process of measuring an individual's competence against established competency standards, These competency standards when explicitly stated will clearly identify for the student, the competencies that need to be developed by the end of the course of study and which are necessary to enter into a profession. Review of literature reveals that there is confusion arising in the term competency. However, the contemporary view of competency is that they are attributes which need to be acquired to perform successfully in a profession. There is consensus in the literature that this method of education and assessment facilitates learning that is meaningful, personal, challenging and relevant to practice. There are several studies that have focused on the development and implementation of effective competency-based approaches, especially in practice based professions, such as nursing. Thus, it is proposed that, competency-based assessment is the most effective method of assessment to be implemented in the undergraduate nursing in the Maldives.Item Coral reef management in the Maldives, with special reference to reef monitoring: The use of line transect method for monitoring coral reefs in the Maldives.(Centre for Tropical Coastal Management Studies, Department of Marine Sciences and Coastal Management, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1993-09-01) Naseer, Abdulla; އަބުދުﷲ ނަސީރުThis study attempts to ascertain aspects of coral reef management in the Maldives, with emphasis laid on reef monitoring. The patterns of exploitation of reefs are described. Threats to reefs, both man-made and natural, are reviewed. The major human impacts on reefs in the Maldives appear to be coral mining, dredging and reclamation, tourist related activities and pollution. Acanthaster plancii predation is a significant threat to coral reefs in some atolls of Maldives. Aspects of coral reef monitoring are reviewed with emphasis on monitoring objectives, design and operation of monitoring programmes, and methods employed in reef monitoring. Transect methods, quadrat methods, photographic methods and visual surveys are reviewed. A monitoring programme developed at the Marine Research Section of the Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture, in Maldives is described. Data collected under this programme were analysed in chapter 4. This is a long-term monitoring scheme being developed to detect anthropogenic impacts on coral reefs. The problems and short comings of the data as well as their usefulness is discussed. It was concluded that the data collected under the monitoring programme can be put to management use only with further studies and refinements to the sampling procedures.Item Determine the major sources of stress and the factors related to stress among college students who are studying in Maldives National University Male’(Maldives National University, 2015-10) Sama, FathimathItem The development and evaluation of a computer-assisted instructional strategy designed to change student misconceptions about chemical equilibrium(Department of Science Education, Edith Cowan University, 1990-12-14) Hameed, Hassan; ޙަސަން ޙަމީދުThe main aims of this thesis are twofold. First, to identify and describe misconceptions about chemical equilibrium held by Year-12 chemistry students in the Maldives. Second, to investigate the effects of using a computer-assisted instructional strategy in changing those misconceptions. A misconception identification test and an interview schedule developed by Garnett & Hackling ( 1984) were used to diagnose student misconceptions about chemical equilibrium. The remediation aspect of the study used a computer-assisted instruction (CAI) package. The package was designed in accordance with a model of conceptual change proposed by Posner, Strike, Hewson & Gertzog ( 1982) . The CAI package consists of eleven modules. The conceptual change strategies, as implemented in the package, mainly used simulations to create cognitive conflict to assist accommodation. The results of the study indicate that misconceptions about chemical equilibrium are common among Year 12 chemistry students in the Maldives. In addition, these misconceptions were found to be similar to those reported by Hackling and Garnett (1985) which identified misconceptions among Western Australian students. Results also indicate that the remediation aspect of the study, which used the CAI package, produced significant and lasting conceptual changes in students holding the misconceptions.Item Dharavandhoo : Baa atoll(Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Maldives National University, 1) މަރިޔަމް ލީވާން ޖަލީލް; އަޙުމަދު ރިޔާޒް ވަޙީދު; އާމިނަތު ފިރުޝާ; އާއިޝަތު ވިލްމާ; ޙަސަން ލަބީބް; އަޙްމަދު ނިހާޒް އަބޫބަކުރު; އިސްމާޢީލް ޔާނިމް; އަޙްމަދު މުސްތަޢުސިމް ޒުބެއިރު; އާއިޝަތު އަމްނު ޝަރީފް; އިސްމާޢީލް މާޢިޝް މުޙައްމަދު; އާމިނަތު ފަރަހު; އާއިޝަތު ރިޝްމާ; އަނާން އަލީ ރަޝީދު; ޠޯހާ އަބްދުލްރައްޒާޤު; ސުމައްޔާ އަބްދުލްސައްތާރު; މައުމަން ރަޝީދު; މާޒް ސައީދު; Jaleel, Mariyam Leevan; Waheed, Ahmed Riyaz; Firusha, Aminath; Vilma, Aishath; Labeeb, Hassan; Aboobakuru, Ahmed Nihaaz; Yanim, Ismail; Zubair, Ahmed Musthausim; Shareef, Aishath Amnu; Mohamed, Ismail Maaish; Farahu, Aminath; Rishma, Aishath; Rasheed, Anan Ali; AbdulRazzaq, Thoha; AbdulSattar, Sumayya; Rasheed, Mauman; Saeed, MaazItem Dhivehi automatic speech recognition system(Faculty of Engineering, Science & Technology, Maldives National University, 2018-11-18) Hassaan, Ibrahim; އިބްރާހީމް ހައްސާން; Ifham, Mohamed; ްމުހައްމަދު އިފްހާމ; Rasheed, Adam Raaif; އާދަމް ރާއިފް ރަޝީދު; Mohamed, Yameen; ޔާމީން މޮހައްމަދުThis report details the work done to create a speech recognition solution for Dhivehi language. The system was developed using CMUSphinx speech recognition toolkit, which requires the development of a text corpus to use as output, a phonetic dictionary (list of phonemes), a language model (probabilistic representation of word occurrences in language) and an acoustic model (mapping voice features to text). The latter two can be trained using provided audio and text data. The development of our ASR system was carried out in two phases. The first phase dealt only with numbers (covering real numbers from 0 (inclusive), up to but not including 1 trillion). The second phase dealt with the entire Dhivehi language (with exceptions: it does not support thikijehi thaana and can only pick up the common Malé dialect). The system developed during the first phase had an accuracy rate of 75% (which barely passed our set minimum acceptable rate), while the system developed during the second phase had an accuracy rate of 42.5% (which failed our set minimum acceptable rate).Item Does bathymetry drive whale shark aggregations?(MSc Marine Environmental Management, 2016-12-01) Copping, JoshuaWhale sharks, Rhincodon typus, form seasonal feeding aggregations in coastal waters around the world. Most research has studied individual aggregations and prey availability, without investigating factors known to influence other megafauna aggregations. A number of studies have shown the basking shark and megamouth shark, are more abundant in areas with bathymetric features known to cause higher primary productivity. Therefore, this study examines the bathymetry in areas R. typus aggregation events occur, with the aim to understand whether bathymetry influences aggregations. The research carried out shows there are similarities in bathymetry between aggregation sites, significantly different from other coastal areas within R. typus’ global range. Evidence shows aggregations occur in areas with specific bathymetric features; shallow coastal areas in close proximity to water in the mesopelagic zone, connected by steep gradient slopes such as reef slopes or continental shelf breaks. These factors are known to induce upwelling events, increasing primary productivity, consequently attracting a number of filter feeding species. This study has shown bathymetry does influence Rhincodon typus aggregations and has filled in knowledge gaps missing from previous research.Item Economic valuation of coral reefs : a case study of the costs and benefits of improved management of Dhigali Haa, a marine protected area in Baa Atoll, Maldives(University of Canterbury, 2007-08-01) Mohamed, MiznaCoral reefs are a vital resource in the low-island Republic of Maldives, where the sustainable use of these resources is central to the continued economic success of the country’s two largest sectors: tourism and fisheries. This recognition has led to numerous reef conservation and protection activities, including the establishment of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). As in many MPAs of the world, those in the Maldives exist only as paper parks: areas protected on paper but not in practice. Despite general recognition of the importance of reef resources, insufficient funds are allocated by government to implement these parks. This situation is compounded by the absence of specific information and detailed understanding by policy makers of the true value and economic benefits of reef resources. This thesis examines the an economic valuation of improved management of MPAs in the Maldives using Dhigali Haa, an MPA in Baa Atoll, Maldives, as a case study. A contingent valuation survey to elicit the willingness to pay of tourists visiting Baa Atoll to see improved management at the MPA was used in estimating the potential benefits. In addition, local community consultations were conducted to understand local perceptions of MPAs and their effectiveness, and to develop a feasible improved management scenario. The local consultations confirmed that Dhigali Haa was not effectively managed, leading to continued illegal use and degradation of the reef. The results of the CV survey revealed support from tourists visiting Baa Atoll to pay for improved management of Dhigali Haa. A one-off conservation fee per visit for all tourists visiting Baa Atoll was preferred over a user fee solely for divers visiting Dhigali Haa. The estimate for the mean WTP for the conservation fee was US$35±5 compared to a mean WTP of US$15±5 for the user fee. Comparisons between the cost of implementing improved management and the benefits gained from tourist fees showed that a conservation fee would be more beneficial than a user fee. The estimated net present value for funding the improved management via a conservation fee was US$8.65 million.Item Effect of raising tobacco taxes on cigarette consumption of youth age between 18-25 years in Baa. Goidhoo(Maldives National University, 2016-06) މުޙައްމަދު އަޒްހާމް; Azham, MohamedItem The effect that maternal employment and maternal home-stay have on children's academic performance in selected schools of Male'(The Maldives National University, 2014-06) ޢަބްދުލް ޢަޒީޒް ޒަކަރިއްޔާ; Zakariyya, Abdul AzeezThe aim of this dissertation is to identify the effect that maternal employment and maternal home-stay have on children’s academic performance in selected schools of Male’. Social cognitive theory has been used to conduct the research which explains how mothers obtain and uphold certain behavioral patterns through behavioral, personal and environmental factors. This correlation study has used case-control approach to examine the student’s academic performance as there were two survey groups with varied outcomes that would be compared to one another. A sample size of 112 children has been taken to this study from 5th graders of the 4 selected schools in Male’. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data and the response rate of the survey was 98.21%. Findings of the study show that there is significant relationship between maternal working status and children’s academic performance with p-value significant at 0.01. The dissertation then identifies the other maternal factors such as mother’s education level and time spend with children have influence on the children’s educational performance with p-value significant at 0.01. In a detailed discussion section the dissertation delivers mothers with useful practical tips to improve their children’s academic performance and have provided other non-maternal factors need to be studied and address in order to improve children’s academic performance. In conclusion, the findings witness that there is a relationship between maternal working status and children’s academic performance since children of working mothers perform academically better than the children of non- working mothers.Item The effect that maternal employment and maternal home-stay have on children’s academic performance in selected schools of Male’.(Faculty of Health Sciences, 2013-06-01) Zakariyya, Abdul AzeezThe aim of this dissertation is to identify the effect that maternal employment and maternal home-stay have on children’s academic performance in selected schools of Male’. Social cognitive theory has been used to conduct the research which explains how mothers obtain and uphold certain behavioral patterns through behavioral, personal and environmental factors. This correlation study has used case-control approach to examine the student’s academic performance as there were two survey groups with varied outcomes that would be compared to one another. A sample size of 112 children has been taken to this study from 5th graders of the 4 selected schools in Male’. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data and the response rate of the survey was 98.21%. Findings of the study show that there is significant relationship between maternal working status and children’s academic performance with p-value significant at 0.01. The dissertation then identifies the other maternal factors such as mother’s education level and time spend with children have influence on the children’s educational performance with p-value significant at 0.01. In a detailed discussion section the dissertation delivers mothers with useful practical tips to improve their children’s academic performance and have provided other non-maternal factors need to be studied and address in order to improve children’s academic performance. In conclusion, the findings witness that there is a relationship between maternal working status and children’s academic performance since children of working mothers perform academically better than the children of nonworking motherItem Effectiveness of solid waste management in the Maldives : a case study from Ukhulas(Villa College, 2016-01-01) Shadiya, Fathimath; ޝާދިޔާ, ފާތިމަތުWaste management in preindustrial times was simple because most of the waste compromised of organic materials which decompose naturally. However with the introduction of non- biodegradable synthetic materials such as plastic, waste treatment and waste disposal have become a pressing concern in the Maldives due to limited financial and human resources available in the country. This research tries to identify factors that can influence the long term sustainability of Community Based Solid Waste Management Systems from social, economic and environmental perspectives, and to suggest recommendations for areas that need further improvement and development in the system. A quantitative approach was used as the research methodology. The survey questionnaire was a close ended questionnaire. Data were collected by conducting social survey and secondary data sources. Data analysis for the social survey was carried out using SPSS. Analysis of results showed Ukulhas waste management Centre utilizes 79.2% of organic waste brought to the waste management Centre to make compost. Spearman’s rank order showed there was no association between respondent’s satisfaction level and their willingness to pay for waste collection service. Kruskal Wallis test showed there was a significance difference in satisfaction level towards waste management system across different age groups, and Chi-Square test showed there was no association between respondent’s attitude towards plastic and their willingness to use recyclable shopping bags. The findings were analyzed using DPSIR framework.Item The elite of the Maldives : sociopolitical organisation and change(London School of Economics and Political Science, 1995-01-01) Colton, Elizabeth OvertonThis thesis exam ines the elite o f the M aldive Islands, during a period o f great technoeconom ic change from 1976 until 1983. This ethnographic study is concerned with the nature o f the M aldivian national elite, in particular the reiterative evidence o f both repetition and change in its sociopolitical organisation. The first part o f the thesis presents the principles o f the study and introduces the ethnographic setting o f the elite o f M aldives. The Preface establishes the historical and m ethodological fo u n d a tio n o f the study. Chapter 1 outlines the fo c i o f the thesis and places it within a general anthropological fram ew ork. Chapter 2 places the elite w ithin the context o f the M aldivian geographical setting, history, and classification systems. The second part o f the study sets out the basic building blocks o f the elite system. Chapter 3 essentially defines the M aldivian elite and describes the stratification system, politics, and the econom ic basis fo r the elite's power. Chapter 4 presents the basic building blocks o f kinship and affinity-- including sibling group, affines (especially brothers-in-law, lia n o o ). and friendship. Chapter 5 focuses upon the special role o f the “h o u se” as the basic p o litical unit o f the M aldivian elite. The third part o f this thesis discusses the use o f the elite system over time. Chapter 6 provides a detailed description o f the “po litica l g a m e ”, including the im portance o f protocol, ritualistic functions, and governm ent service. Chapter 7 details the m eans o f social control, including the rewards and punishm ents fo r the elite. Chapter 8 describes the patterns and cycles o f political conflict within the M aldivian elite system. The conclusion argues that the com plex M aldivian elite system, with its evidence o f change at the tim e o f this study as a result o f com plex processes o f m odernisation in com bination with a clear repetition o f patterns and reiterative cycles over time, presents a m odel o f evolutionary replication o f a sociopolitical system.Item An empirical analysis on international tourist flow and hotel room prices: the case of Maldives(National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, 2017-09-01) Zuhuree, Ibrahim; އިބްރާހިމް ޒުހުރީSince the 1950s, international tourism has played a major role in economic development in the developing world in general and small island developing states (SIDS) in particular. The Maldives, for example, has transformed itself from sleepy fishing villages into a luxury destination for rich tourists and has achieved the status of upper-middle-income country. This study extends the scope of empirical analysis of international tourism considerably by covering not only the demand side (e.g. tourist income) but also the supply side factors (e.g. security and environmental amenities). First, using panel data, the study examines the relationship between supply-side factors and tourist inflow from cross-country perspective as well as for the single country case of the Maldives. A major finding is that international tourist inflow is not very sensitive to price compared with tourist income and security issues. Second, primary data from a survey of guesthouses in the Maldives is used to examine the extent of congestion, the relationship between service quality and prices and the problem of free-riding on others’ efforts to preserve the natural environment. Its findings, especially the ones about the externality problems and the impact of security on tourist arrivals, are interesting and offer some policy implications.Item Ethnomathematics in the Maldivian curriculum : trailling an implementation(University of Auckland, 2004-08-09) ޢާއިޝަތު ޝެހެނާޒު އާދަމް; Adam, Aishath ShehenazItem Evaluation of patient satisfaction level in an outpatient department of Senahiya hospital(Faculty of Health Sciences, 2015-05-01) Mohamed, SolahThis quantitative study was conducted with the aim to evaluate patient satisfaction level of outpatient health care service at Senahiya Hospital, in terms of accessibility of services, service delivery, and hospital environment. The study population was aged over 14 years, sample size was 100, and data was collected by self-administered questionnaire from 12th to 16th April 2015. Data was collected from patients who used the Hospital’s services during the mentioned period. The result concluded that senahiya hospital patients are satisfied with 85%. Satisfaction for the three main variables of Accessibility of services is 83%, service delivery 93% and hospital environment 76%. Based on the result on patients hospital has to improve waiting time for scan and Echo services are not reasonable. Doctor’s availability for consultation has to improve; ventilation and space area is not enough. Evidence from research proves that satisfaction level of patient are high and I advise that management to approach on weak areas to get maximum satisfaction. And maintain satisfied areas as well. Being good service provider requires repeated research often, which will help improve the quality of the hospital. Key words: Patient satisfaction, Outpatient department, Quality care, Service delivery, Accessibility of service.