Thesis & Dissertations - ތީސީސް އަދި ޑެޒަޓޭޝަން
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Item On evildoers : a foucaultian analysis of the discursive structuring of contemporary terrorism(Dublin City University, 2012-01) Naseem, Azra; އަޒްރާ ނަސީމްTerrorism is routinely portrayed in the twenty first century as an evil perpetrated by Arab/Muslim barbarians—Evildoers—waging a holy war against the Western civilisation. This study challenges not just this present understanding of terrorism, but the very existence of a ding an sich of terrorism. Using a combination of Foucault’s archaeological and genealogical methods it provides an alternative history of the phenomenon in the form of a history of its discursive structuring: the regimes of practices that governed what could and could not be thought of, identified, defined, known, judged and punished as ‘terrorism’ during particular epochs, and particular places. It asserts that the conceptual anchor point of the present Evildoer-terrorist is the rebel who opposes established order, and identifies the first such figure in modern Western history as the Devil who rebelled against God and came to play a significant politico religious role in Western societies of the Middle Ages. The discourse of ‘terrorism’ emerged from the epistemic spaces created from the separation of religion and politics in the eighteenth century, from when onwards rebellion was no longer a sin but a crime. Since then, various other rebels have been brought under the domain of terrorism during different epochs, the latest of whom is the Evildoer. This is not to say that the Devil remained a blatant constant in the forefront of Western terrorism discourse, but that the various rebels share a conceptual history that made it possible for the contemporary terrorist to be the Evildoer that he is. How the rebels came to be known as terrorists during various epochs and the various mechanisms implemented to defend societies against them, it is argued, are irrevocably linked: one could not exist without the other. The contemporary terrorist cannot be known as an Evildoer without the War on Terror; at the same time, the War on Terror cannot be waged without the knowledge of the terrorist as an Evildoer. To demonstrate this power/knowledge dyad at work, this study analyses what was said and done about terrorism by the United States and the United Kingdom, the foremost allies in the War on Terror, during its first ten years. In the differences in their discourses emerges not just the ontological uncertainty of terrorism but also how these mechanisms for establishing the ‘truth’ of terrorism function as mechanisms of power. It is asserted that the Evildoer has made possible, and was made possible by, some of the most significant changes in how power is exercised in Western societies since the separation of religion and politics in the eighteenth century.Item The power of small : the diplomacy of small states in regional organizations(The Australian National University, 2012-01) Mohamed, Ali Naseer; އަލީ ނަސީރު މުހައްމަދުHow can small states influence the conflict management activities of regional or ganisations? The conventional wisdom in the literature of International Relations holds that small states lack the ability to shape the preferences of other actors. In recent years, some small-state scholars have challenged this view. They argue that some small states make bold initiatives and succeed in influencing institutions like the European Union. These studies are, however, mostly single-country case studies, focusing almost exclusively on European small states in the European Union. They do not, therefore, reveal what is unique to that case, and what can be generalised to small states in other parts of the world. Moreover, these studies have not examined adequately international-level factors such as the role of the dominant power in the regional organisations, in helping or hindering the initia tives of the small states. This study aims to fill that gap. It seeks to understand the national and interna tional-level factors that determine the abilities of small states to influence the con flict management activities of regional organisations. The study also seeks to expand our understanding of small-state diplomacy by examining non-European small states. It analyses seven case studies involving six small states in five regional organisations, located in four different parts of the world. To my knowledge, it is one of the first scholarly attempts to understand the factors-both at national and international levels-that determine the abilities of small states to exert influ ence in regional organisations. In doing so, I hope to make a contribution to the study of diplomacy in general, and the diplomacies of small states in particular. The thesis examines the seven case studies with the help of a theoretical frame work that identifies five factors as necessary for small states to be able to exert in fluence in conflict management activities of regional organisations. The factors are: small states' credibility, norm entrepreneurship, diplomatic resilience, the in- xiii stitutional mechanisms within the regional organisation, and the role of the re gional power. The empirical analysis of the case studies shows that all five factors are necessary for small states to exert influence. Yet it also shows that each of the five factors has varying degrees of impact on the abilities of small states to exert influence. There is evidence from the case studies to suggest that the role of re gional power is a necessary, but not a sufficient condition for determining whether small states can exert influence in regional organisations. Second, small states could influence the shaping of a regional power's preferences if the farmer's diplomacy is sufficiently resilient. Small states derive their diplomatic resilience from the strength of the foreign policy bureaucracy, the persuasive power of dip lomats, and niche diplomacy. Third, small states exert influence by pursuing norm entrepreneurship in regional organisations: seeking to generate new and in novative ideas to solve common problems. Fourth, small states' ability to influ ence depends on whether the institutional mechanisms within the regional organisation allow sufficient space for these states to manoeuvre. Finally, small states can exert influence if they have credibility derived from a non-threatening foreign policy posture and from persistent activism and expertise in a given issue. Thus, small states can exert influence in regional organisations if their diplomacy is sufficiently resilient. The findings of this study reveal that with the right poli cies, small states can increase their diplomatic resilience. For size alone does not determine destiny; persuasive diplomacy doesItem Reaching the community through community radio : readjusting to the new realities : a case study investigating the changing nature of community access and participation in three community radio stations in three countries New Zealand, Nepal and Sri Lanka(University of Canterbury, 2012) Nafiz, Ahmed Zaki; އަހުމަދު ޒަކީ ނާފިޒުCommunity radio is often described as a medium that celebrates the small community life and where local community members plan, produce and present their own programmes. However, many believe that the radio management policies are now increasingly sidelining this aspect of the radio. This is ironic given the fact that the radio stations are supposed to be community platforms where members converge to celebrate their community life and discuss issues of mutual interest. In this case study, I have studied three community radio stations- RS in Nepal, KCR in Sri Lanka and SCR in New Zealand- investigating how the radio management policies are positively or negatively, affecting community access and participation. The study shows that in their effort to stay economically sustainable, the three stations are gradually evolving as a ‘hybrid’; something that sits in-between community and commercial radio. Consequently, programmes that are produced by the local community are often replaced by programmes that are produced by full-time paid staff; and they are more entertaining in nature and accommodate more advertisements. The radio stations also actively seek the sale of airtime to wellfunded NGOs, giving agency-driven programmes priority over local community programmes. This means the stations have become vehicles that help agency objectives. Hence, although ‘hybrid’ initiatives have merits financially, while depicting as local community representatives, they are marginalising the voices and interests of the very people that gave the radio stations their community characteristics and identity. Hence, in the interest of earning more revenue to secure market survival, the ‘hybrid’ initiatives are in fact, settling for a lesser community role. This study also shows that although management policy decisions aimed at greater financial sustainability have impacted on local community access and participation in the way they used to be, by readjusting to the new realities of modern-day communications, the three stations are also providing a second ‘hybrid’ pathway, a new interactive radio environment enabling stronger community access and participation. As this new platform facilitates unhindered local community access and participation in the radio, it is also viewed as a solution that will help them to utilise more of their on-air time for revenue-generating programmes. The new platform is also seen as the answer to reach the new generation youth and increase their participation, thereby, in fact, further strengthening community participation in the radio.Item ސިޔާސީ މީހުންގެ ވާހަކަދެއްކުމުގައި މެޓަފަރ ބޭނުންކުރަނީ ކިހައިވަރަކަށް އަދި ކޮން ބޭނުމަކު ހެއްޔެވެ؟(ފެކަލްޓީ އޮފް އާރޓްސް, 2015-11) ސަޢީދާ, މަރްޔަމް; Saeeda, Maryamދިވެހިރާއްޖެއަށް ޑިމަކްރަސީ ތަޢާރަފުވުމާ ގުޅިގެން، ސިޔާސީ ޕާރޓީތަކާއި ސިޔާސީ މީހުންނާއި ސިޔާސީ މީހުނގެ ވަހަކަތައް ދިވެހީންގެ ތެރޭގައި މަޤްބޫލުވުމުގެ ސަބަބުން ސިޔާސީ ފަރާތްތަކަށްދައްކާފައި ހުންނަ ވާހަކަތަކާއި ބުނުންތަކަށްވެސް އާއްމުންގެ ސަމާލުކަން ލިބެމުންދެއެވެ. ބައެއް ފަހަރު މިފަދަ ބުނުންތަކުގެ ސަބަބުން، އެބުނުން ބުނި ފަރާތަށް އާއްމުންގެ ތަޢުރީފުގެ ބަސްތައް ލިބޭފަދައިން ބައެއްފަހަރު މަލާމާތުގެ ބަސްތައްވެސް ލިބޭކަން ފާހަގަ ކުރެވެއެވެ. ވުމާއެކު، މިދިރާސާ އަމާޒުކުރެވިފައިވަނީ، ސިޔާސީ މީހުންގެ ވާހަކަދެއްކުމުގައި މެޓަފަރ ބޭނުންކުރާ މިންވަރާއި، މެޓަފަރ ބޭނުންކުރާ ބޭނުން ދެނެގަތުމަށެވެ. މިގޮތުން މިދިރާސާގެ މައިގަނޑު މަޤްޞަދަކީ، ސިޔާސީ ފަރާތްތަކުން، ސިޔާސި ޕޯޑިއަމްގައި ތިބެގެން ދައްކާ ވާހަކައިގައި، މެޓަފަރ ބޭނުންކުރާ މިންވަރާއި، މެޓަފަރ ބޭނުންކުރ ބޭނުން ހޯދައި ދެނެގަތުމެވެ. ވުމާއެކު ސިޔާސީ ފަރާތްތަކުން، ރައްޔިތުންގެ ރުހުމާއި ތާއީދު ހޯދުމަށްޓަކައި، ވާހަކަ ދައްކަމުންދާއިރު ބަސްމަގު ހުންނަ ގޮތް ދެނެގަތުމަށާއި، މިފަދަ މީހުންގެ ވާހަކަދެއްކުމުގައި މެޓަފަރ ބޭނުންކުރަނީ ކިހައި މިންވަރަކަށްކަމާއި ކޮން ބޭނުމަކުކަންވެސް އެނގިގެންދާނީ މިފަދަ ދިރސާއަކުން ކަމަށްވާތީ މިއީ ކުރުން މުޙިއްމު ދިރާސާއެއްކަން ގައިމެވެ. މިދިރާސާއަށް ބޭނުންވާ މަޢުލޫމާތު ހޯދުމަށް މިދިރާސާ ކުރެވުނީ މިކްސް މެތަޑް އެޕްރޯޗުންނެވެ. މިދިރާސާ ކުރުމަށްޓަކައި، 2013 ވަނައަހަރުގެ ރިޔާސީ އިންތިޚާބުގެ ދުވަސްވަރު ސިޔާސި ފަރާތްތަކުން ދައްކާފައި ހުރި ވާހަކަތަކުގެ ތެރެއިން، ތެރެއިން 6 މީހުންގެ ވާހަކަދެއްކުމަށް ބެލުނެވ. ހަމަމިއާއިއެކު، ސިޔާސީ ޕޯޑިއަމްތަކުގައި ވާހަކަދައްކާ ފަރާތްތަކުގެ ތެރެއިން 5 ފަރާތަކާ ސެމީ-ސްޓްރަކްޗާރޑް އިންޓަރވިއުވެސް ކުރެވުނެވެ. މިދިރާސާއަށް ސާމްޕަލް ނަގާފައިވަނީ ޕާޕޯސިވް ސާމްޕަލިންގް ދަށުންނެވެ. ދިރާސާގެ ހުރިހާ ބައިވެރިންވެސް މެޓަފަރ ބޭނުންކުރާކަމާއި، މެޓަފަރގެ ވައްތަރުތަކުގެ ތެރެއިން ފަސް ވައްތަރެއްވެސް ބޭނުންކުރާކަން ހާމަވިއެވެ. ބައެއް ފަރާތްތަކުން ގަސްތުގައި މެޓަފަރ ބޭނުންކުރާއިރު، ގަސްތަކާއި ނުލާ މެޓަފަރ ބޭނުންކުރާ ފަރާތްތައްވެސް ވާކަން މިދިރާސާއިން ފާހަގަ ކުރެވުނެވެ. ހަމަމިއާއިއެކު، ސިޔާސީ ފަރާތްތަކުގެ ވާހަކަދެއްކުމުގައި، އަންނައުނާއި ހަށިގަނޑުގެ އިތުރުން ދަތުރުފަތުރާއި ސިޔާސީ މީހުންގެ ވާހަކަދެއްކުމުގައި މެޓަފަރ ބޭނުންކުރަނީ ކިހައި މިންވަރަކަށް އަދި ކޮން ބޭނުމަކު ހެއްޔެވެ؟ ފުޓުބޯޅައާ ގުޅުވައިގެން މެޓަފަރ ބޭނުންކުރާކަންމި ދިރާސާއިން ދައްކައެވެ. މެޓަފަރ ބޭނުންކުރަނީ، ދައްކާ ވާހަކައިގެ އަސަރާއި ފޯރި ގަދަކުރުމަށް ކަމަށްވެފައި، މިކަމަށްޓަކައި ހާލަތާ ގުޅުވައިގެން މެޓަފަރ ބޭނުންކުރުމަކީ ކުރަންޖެހޭ ކަމެއްކަން ދިރާސާއިން ހާމަވިއެވެ. މީގެ އިތުރުން ސިޔާސީ މީހުންގެ ވާހަކަތަކުގައި މެޓަފަރ ބޭނުންކުރުމުގެ ސަބަބުން ބައެއް ފަހަރު، ނޭދެވޭ އަސަރު ކުރާކަންވެސް މިދިރާސައިން ހާމަވިއެވެ. އެހެންކަމުން، ސިޔާސީ ފަރާތްތަކުން ވާހަކަތައް އަޑުއަހައި އެފަދަ ވާހަކަތައް ބައްޓަންކޮށްފައި ހުންނަ ގޮތާމެދު ވިސްނުން ގެންގުޅޭ ފަރާތްތަކަށް، މިދިރާސާއަކީ ބޭނުންތެރި އެއްޗަކަށް ވާނެއެވެ.Item Civil service in an emerging democracy : the case of the Maldives(Victoria University of Wellington, 2013) Faizal, Mohamed; މުހައްމަދު ފައިޒަލްItem Integrating culture and heritage into the tourism product of the Maldives(KDI School, 2012-12) Rasheeda, Fathmath; ފާތުމަތު ރަޝީދާThe Maldives is known worldwide for its natural beauty. However, the country also boasts of a rich culture and history that have yet to be explored and experienced by the hundreds of thousands of tourists visiting the country every year. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to explore the possibility of integrating the cultural and heritage resources of the country into its successful tourism industry. The paper examines existing literature on the experiences of other countries that are using their culture and heritage as part of their tourism product. Through the research certain negative impacts such as commodification of the cultural products and loss of traditional values were identified. It was also identified that a successful integration of the tourism product with the cultural and heritage assets would not only enrich the visitors experience, but also help manage the rare and fragile resources in a sustainable manner. Moreover, it would help attain economic and social benefits to the host community. It is believed that certain recommended actions such as strengthening the infrastructure, educating the locals and visitors, establishment of a Cultural Management System and continuous marketing would ensure the success of an integration between the culture and heritage and the tourism industry of the Maldives.Item Reducing risk for erosion in Maldives : Comparative case study of local people’s and resort’s adaptive capacity in Laamu atoll(Lund University, 2014) Borgudd, JuliaThis study is a comparative case study and investigates how local people on two islands called Maamendhoo and Maavah, and one resort operator called Six Senses in Laamu atoll, Maldives reduce their risk for erosion. This has been done by performing capacity analyses for these islands and the information has been collected mainly from interviews. The capacity analyses are based on which adaptive capacity they have regarding the risk reduction and adaptation measures; hazard reduction and avoidance, vulnerability reduction, preparedness for response and preparedness for recovery. It involves how local people and the resort operator both have adapted in the past and how they currently adapt (used capacity). Further it involves how they plan to adapt, which lacking capacities and also which unused capacities they have. The capacity analyses are analyzed to see if there are any gaps or weaknesses in their adaptive work and if the adaptive capacity differ between the resort island and the local islands and what the reason for this may be. The result from the capacity analyses shows that the resort have a lot of used capacity and implement many measures to reduce their risk to beach erosion compared to what local people have. The reason for this is mainly because the resort have more economic capacity to implement measures against erosion. The study shows that local people have more gaps in their adaptive work since they do not use all the measures and they have much more unused and lacking capacities compared to the resort island. The study is also investigating the interaction between local people/the resort and authorities. The result shows that authorities and Six Senses are supporting each others work with erosion, they are complementing each others work and the authorities are assisting with the resources the resort is requesting. The result also shows that local people do not think the authorities are supporting them in their adaptation work. The local people are complementing the authorities gaps/weaknesses in their adaptation work to a certain extent. The local people do not in general get the help they are requesting from the authorities, and they think that the authorities have not done enough to prevent the risk of erosion.Item Reducing risk of beach erosion in Maldives : Comparative case study of authority ́s adaptive capacity in Laamu Atoll(Lund University, 2014) Englund, BodilThe low-lying island nation Maldives is vulnerable to sea level rise and beach erosion. This study is a comparative case study investigating national, regional and local authorities risk reduction and adaptation work of beach erosion on two local islands and one resort island in Laamu atoll, Maldives. The aim of the study is to investigate if the authorities risk reduction works differ depending on if it is a resort island or a local island, if there are any gaps in the authorities’ adaptive work and if they are prioritizing any specific kind of measures. In the study capacity analyses are carried out for each island based on Wamsler’s theoretical and operational framework. The authorities’ adaptation measures are mapped out and categorized based on the initial risk factors the measures are intended to reduce. Furthermore the interaction between the authorities and the resort operator and local people on the selected islands are also analyzed by comparing the result of a parallel study carried out by Borgudd (2014). The main method used in the study is a qualitative semi structured interview method where officials and councilors were interviewed at the three authority levels. By analyzing the capacity analyses it shows that the authorities’ adaptation work for the local islands Maavah and Maamendhoo are similar compared to the resort island Six Senses Laamu. Compared to the investigated local islands authorities have taken fewer adaptation measures on the resort island. This may be because resort islands have to undertake and pay for their own protection measures. The authorities lack economic resources to prevent beach erosion on the two local islands. In general all authority levels need to improve their risk reduction work against beach erosion because they are now mostly focusing on hazard reduction and avoidance measures.Item އިސްލާމާއި ދިވެހިން ފާސްވި : ކޮބާ މައްސަލައަކީ؟(ކޮލިޓީ އެޝުރަންސް ޑިޕާރޓްމަންޓް، މިނިސްޓްރީ އޮފް އެޑިޔުކޭޝަން, 2016) ުޢަބްދުالله ނަޒީރ; ުއިޙުސާން ޢަޙުމަދ; ުމުޙައްމަދު އަބޫބަކުރ; Nazeer, Abdulla; Ahmed, Ihusaan; Aboobakuru, Mohamed,ސުކޫލު މަދަރުސާތަކުގެ ސާނަވީ މަރުޙަލާގައި ކިޔަވައިދޭ އިސްލާމާއި ދިވެހި މާއްދާ ކިޔަވަން ދަރިވަރުން ޝައުޤުވެރިނުވާ ވާހަކަ އާއި އެމާއްދާތަކުން ދަރިވަރުން ހޯދަމުން އަންނަ ނަތީޖާ އޯލެވެލް އާއި އޭލެވެލް އިމްތިޙާނުތަކުގެ އެހެން މާއްދާތަކާ އަޅައި ބަލާއިރު ނިސްބަތުން ދަށްވަމުން އަންނަ މައްސަލަތަކަށް ޢިލްމީ ނަޒަރަކުން ބަލައި، ހޯދައި، .ތަޙުޤީޤުކޮށް، މިދިރާސާގައި ވާނީ ހިމަނާފައެވެ ރާއްޖޭގެ ސުކޫލު މަދަރުސާތަކުގައި ކިޔަވައިދޭ މަޖުބޫރު ހަތަރު މާއްދާގެ ތެރެއިން، އެންމެ މަތީ ނިސްބަތަކުން ދަރިވަރުން ފާސްވަނީ އިސްލާމާއި ދިވެހިންނެވެ. އެ ދެ މާއްދާއިން ދަރިވަރުން ފާސްވާ އެވެރެޖު ނިސްބަތް، ވޭތުވެދިޔަ 10 އަހަރުގެ ތެރޭގައި ވަނީ 60 އިންސައްތަގައި ހިފެހެއްޓިފައެވެ. މި ދެ މާއްދާއިން ކިތަންމެ ބޮޑު ނިސްބަތަކުން ދަރިވަރުން ފާސްވިކަމުގައި ވިއަސް، ވޭތުވެދިޔަ އަހަރުތަކުގައި އެ ދަރިވަރުންނަށް މި މާއްދާތަކުން ލިބޭ«''އޭ'' ގުރޭޑު ނިސްބަތުން ދަށެވެ. މިގޮތަށް މިކަން ދިމާވާ އެންމެ ބޮޑު ސަބަބެއްކަމަށް މި ދިރާސިން ފާހަގަ ވަނީ އެސް.އެސް.ސީ. އާއި އެޗް،އެސް.ސީ. އިމްތިޙާނު ކަރުދާސްތައް އެކުލަވާލުމާއި ދަރިވަރުންނަށް ލިބޭ ސާފު މާކުސް ގުރޭޑުތަކަކަށް ބަދަލުކޮށް ނަތީޖާ އެކުލަވާލުމުގައި، ޢަމަލު ކުރާނެ އުޞޫލުތަކެއް ނެތި، ބައިނަލްއަޤުވާމީ މިންގަ ނޑުތަކުގެ .ބޭރުން، ދަރިވަރުންގެ ނަތީޖާތައް ޕްރޮސެސް ކުރުމެވެ މި ދިރާސާއިން ފާހަގަކުރެވުނު ދެވަނަ ކަމަކީ ސުކޫލު ތަޢުލީމުގައި ކަ ނޑައެޅިފައިވާ މަޖުބޫރު މާއްދާތަކަކީ ދަރިވަރުންގެ ދިރިއުޅުމާއި މަސައްކަތުގެ މާޙައުލުގައި ކޮންމެހެން ބޭނުންކުރަން ޖެހޭނެކަމަށް ޤަބޫލުކުރެވޭ ލިޔެކިޔުމުގެ )ލިޓެރަސީ( ހުނަރާއި އަސާސީ ވިޔަތަކާއި )ނިއުމަރަސީ( މަޢުލޫމާތާއި ރިވެތި ސިފަތައް ދަރިވަރުންގެ ކިބައިގައި އަށަގެންނެވުމާއެކު މުސްލިމެއްގެ ހައިސިއްޔަތުން ކުރުމަށް ކަ ނޑައެޅިފައިވާ މިންވަރަށް ތަކެތި އުނގަންނައި 6 ދިނުންކަމެވެ. އެހެނަސް އެނގުނު ކަމަކީ މި ދެމާއްދާގެ ކަރިކިއުލަމްގައި ވެސް ދަރިވަރުންގެ ޢާއްމު ދިރިއުޅުމުގައި ބޭނުންކުރަން ނުޖެހޭ ބައިތައް ހުރެމެ، އެ ބައިތަކުން ދަރިވަރުން އިމްތިޙާނު ކުރެވެމުންދާކަމެވެ. މިގޮތަށް އޮތުމުގެ ސަބަބުން ދަރިވަރުންގެ ދިރިއުޅުމުގެ މުޢާމަލާތްތަކާއި މި މާއްދާތަކުގެ ގުޅުމާމެދު ސުވާލު އުފައްދައި، މިމާއްދާތަކަށް .ދޭ ސަމާލުކަން ކުޑަވެ، ކިޔެވުމަށްދޭ ޝައުޤުވެރިކަން ކުޑަކަމަށް ފާހަގަ ކުރެވުނެވެ .އަދި ބައެއް ޓީޗަރުން މި މާއްދާތައް އުގަންނައި ދިނުމުގައި ރޭވުންތެރިކަން ކުޑަވެ އުނގަންނައި ދިނުމުގައި ޒަމާނީ އުކުޅުތައް ބޭނުންނުކުރުމުގެ ސަބަބުން ދަރިވަރުންގެ .ޝައުޤްވެރިކަން ކުޑަވެ، ކިޔަވަން ފޫހިވާކަމަށް މިދިރާސާގެ ބައިވެރިން ހާމަކުރިއެވެ ވުމާއެކު، އިސްލާމާއި ދިވެހި މާއްދާއިން އުނގެނޭ މައުލޫމާތާއި ހުނަރާއި ދެވޭ ތަރުބިއްޔަތަކީ ,ދަރިވަރުންގެ މުޅި ޢަމަލީ ހަޔާތުގައި ބޭނުންކުރުމަށް އެކަށައެޅޭ ތަރަހައަކަށް ހަދައި މި ދެމާއްދާއަށް ލޯބިޖައްސައި ޝައުޤުވެރިކަން އިތުރުކުރެވޭނެ ގޮތްތަކަކަށް މަންހަޖާއި އުންގަނައިދިނުމާއި ވަޒަންކުރުމުގެ ނިޒާމަށް ބަދަލުގެންނަންޖެހޭކަން ފާހަގަކުރަމެވެ. ވަކިން ޚާއްޞަކޮށް ދަރިވަރުންނަށް އިންސާފުވެރި ނަތީޖާއެއް ކަށަވަރުކުރުމަށް، ބައިނަލްއަޤުވާމީ މިންގަ ނޑުތަކަށް އެސް.އެސް.އީ. އާއި އެޗް.އެސް.ސީގެ އިމްތިޙާނު ކަރުދާސްތައް އެކުލަވާލުމަށް ބޭނުންވާ ސްޓޭންޑަ ރޑްތަކާއި އުޞޫލުތައް ލިޔެ، ދަރިވަރުންގެ މާކުސްތައް އެ މިންގަ ނޑުތަކަށް ޕްރޮސެސްކުރުމަށް، ކަމުގެ މާހިރުންގެ އެހީތެރިކަމާއެކު، ޒަމާނީ ފެންވަރުގެ ''އިމްތިޙާނުކުރުމުގެ ނިޒާމެއް'' މިހާރުން މިހާރަށް ޤާއިމުކުރުމަކީ ކޮންމެހެން .ބޭނުންތެރި ކަމެކެވެItem The knowledge, attitude and practice regarging(regarding) the use of oral contraceptive pills among the ever married women in H.Dh.Kumundhoo(The Maldives National University, 2014-06) Adam, Ali; އަލީ އާދަމްIn South and South East Asia one third of pregnancies are not plan which results from low use of contraception, contraceptive method failure and the high unmet need for contraception (Sebastian, 2005). The main objectives of this study were to determine the level of knowledge, explore the attitudes and identify the practices regarding the use of Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs) among the ever married women in H.Dh.Kumundhoo. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire and the sample size was 155 ever married women in H.Dh.Kumundhoo. The sample was selected randomly and the study was conducted from 26th April 2014 to 30th April 2014. The participants were interviewed about their knowledge on OCPs, their perception and attitudes to use OCPs and the practice regarding the OCPs. The study found that 14.2% (n=21) of the respondents were using OCPs while 85.8% (n=127) of them were not using any type of OCPs. Most of the participants had negative attitudes towards the usage of OCPS due to fear of side effects and husband’s disapprovals. The majority of the women heard about OCPs and almost half of them knew the regular intake of OCPs. However, the knowledge about the side effects and the correct period to start OCP was low. Despite 100% availability of OCPs at the health facility, the use of OCPs were considerably low due to negative attitudes and low knowledge on OCPs including the side effects, misinformation about the correct usage and other beliefs.