Thesis & Dissertations - ތީސީސް އަދި ޑެޒަޓޭޝަން
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Item Knowledge, attitude and screening of lung cancer among men of ADh.Dhangethi between the ages 30 to 50 years(The Maldives National University, 2014-06-02) Shihan, AhmedTitle: Knowledge, attitude and knowledge, Attitude and Screening awareness of lung cancer among men of A.Dh.Dhangethi between the ages of 30 to 50 years. Objective: This study is to assess the awareness level of the community on lung cancer in A.Dh.Dhangethi population. Study Design: A Quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the month of April to May 2014, between 30 to 50 years male people of A.Dh.Dhangethi. Method: Lung Cancer is becoming public health concern in A.Dh.Dhangethi. The background information and risk factors involved in lung Cancer are not aware with this community. This cross sectional study aims to determine the risk factors for lung cancer among adult man. The sample was selected from the respondent’s aged 30-50 years randomly. A total of (n=79, 50%) subjects respondents the 158 males peoples, were participated in the study. Results: Statistical analysis shows 20.3% of the samples were 41 to 50 years age group contributed for the study. The majority of the participants were below secondary education level such as Basic literacy 32.9% and Primary 39.2% it includes 72.1% are below the secondary level education. The behavioral characteristic of the respondents proved that among 70.9% was smokers and 29.1% does not smoke. Additionally 20.3% of them consumed tobacco chewing betel nuts and leaves and 79.7% of people do not used. Based on the results 82.3% of the peoples say that quitting smoking reduces the risk of lung cancer and 17.7% does not agree. This was the positive indicator but, prevalence rate or tobacco consumption rates are very high in this community, this lead to have higher chance of lung cancer. However, 22.8% of the people agree the risk of asbestos for occurrence of lung cancer.Item Knowledge and attitude of HIV/AIDS : a survey among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at reproductive health centre in Indira Gandhi Memorial Hospital(Faculty of Health Sciences, Maldives National University, 2013-11) Shahida, AminathBoth qualitative and quantitative a cross- sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women those who attend antenatal clinic at Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital on HIV/AIDS from 10th – 20th October 2013. Data was taken from 100 pregnant women aged 18 -49 years, using a structured questionnaire translated in Dhivehi language. Descriptive statistics were done using MS Access and SPSS to describe the level of knowledge and attitude of pregnant women. Findings of the study indicated high proportion (95.0%) of the respondents had at least some knowledge about the HIV/AIDS and levels of basic knowledge among them were high. However the knowledge on PMTCT services and HIV treatment were not adequate which had shown (84.0%) had not aware on PMTCT services and (74.0%) had not aware on HIV treatment. A large proportion (60.0%) of the respondents received HIV related information in the last 12 months and (40.0%) did not receive any information on HIV. Over half of the participants had obtained their knowledge from the health facilities while attending other services of hospital. Furthermore the 71.0% women said they had not screened during the last 12 months and 82.0% believed that they cannot refuse when doctor asks for HIV screening. This finding highlighted that AIDS prevention programs need to improvement and they need to strengthen their BCC strategies. Also pregnant women should be given adequate information regarding PMTCT services including HIV testing and counseling. This will improve the knowledge of pregnant women on PMTCT of HIV/AIDS.Item Knowledge, attitude and practice towards hepatitis B among the residents in Dhaandhoo island, Maldives(Faculty of Health Sciences, 2015-10-01) Kamal, RaoofBackground: Hepatitis B is an infectious disease which is injurious for Human liver. In Maldives twenty leading causes of death from all ages in 2014 Health Report stated that, 17th leading cause was diseases of liver, of which 10 male and 5 females were dead. 2006-2014 statistics of G.A Dhandhoo Health Center states that, out of 67 detected cases of Hb, 36 were males and 31 were females. Aim: To assess factors that influence spreading Hepatitis B among the residents in Dhaandhoo Island, Maldives. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Dhaandhoo Island, Maldives. Study was conducted among the age group between 20 to 40 years old male and female who are living in Dhaandhoo and 100 people were selected as a sample size from target population. Results: 92% respondents mentioned that, they have some information about HBV. 59.8% participants replied that HBV was caused by virus. Participants replied less than mean score (mean <2.2174) on the statement that they were not at risk of getting HBV. Majority of the participants were reacted above mean score (mean>3.65) that the HBV vaccine helps to prevent from getting HBV. However, vast majority of the participants 55.4% responded that they never received vaccine against HBV and 51.1% were never attended any information session on HBV to get information on Hepatitis. Conclusion: Result from current study shows maximum numbers of people believe that they were at risk of getting HBV. In contrast, quite high number of respondents strongly agreed that HBV vaccine helps to prevent from getting HBV but vast majority of the participants responded that they had never received vaccine against HBV. Moreover, the survey indicates that large numbers of subjects were never attended any information session on HBV. Therefore, in the light of the result it is important to run an extensive health education program and encourage vaccination to prevent further spreading of HBV within the community.Item Knowledge attitude and practice of self-medication with the counter drugs among adults of age 18 – 65 in Male’(Faculty of Health Sciences, 2016-11-01) Shaaf, MohamedBackground OTC (Over the Counter) drugs are defined as the drugs available, and purchased without a prescription. It is practiced worldwide and in our country due to several reasons. Treatment of illnesses and due to difficulty in approaching a doctor is a common reason. OTC drugs can be used with appropriate caution and proper dosages. Hence many do not know the dangers of misuse and continue to use OTC drugs in the Maldives (MFDA, 2015). Aim This cross-sectional descriptive study was aimed to assess people‟s knowledge attitude and practice and common illnesses related, towards self-medication with over-the counter drugs. Method The survey was conducted mix interview and self-administered focus on the knowledge, attitude, practice and common illnesses which people purchase OTC drugs. Results The results showed that there was 100 % response from the 192 participants needed. 58.3% were at the age between 25 to 45. 55.2% of the respondents say they know definition of OTC drugs. 79% of the individuals have the knowledge about some kind of side effects of the painkillers. 51% of the total number of individuals believes that pharmacists give much better advice on medications. 48.4% of the study participants recommend pharmacists in choosing an OTC drug. 76.6% of the 192 respondents took OTC drugs sometimes in their everyday lives. And 85.7% of the respondents treat with OTC drugs for headaches most commonly. Conclusion the study shows that people have high level of knowledge and attitude towards OTC drugs. However the high use of OTC drugs could lead in to dangers in the future. With further studies Policy and law makers need to enforce measures to stop misuse of OTC drugs.Item Perspectives of stakeholders on the introduction of sex education in Maldivian schools(Faculty of Health Sciences, 2015-11-01) Ifa, MariyamSexually transmitted infections and unplanned pregnancy among adolescents are important public health issues that can be tackled through the implementation of effective education strategies. This research study examined the views of students, parents and expertise on the introduction of sex education in Maldivian Schools. An exploratory research design was used and both qualitative and quantitative methods was used to collect data. 110 students whose ages ranged from 15 to 19 years from 4 schools of Male’ was given the self-administered questionnaire and other expertise were interviewed to find their attitudes towards sex education inclusion in schools. The findings of this study indicated that almost all the study participants had favorable attitude towards the importance of school sex education except for religious scholars. Students indicated that their preferable place for sex education provision is school compared to other places with a percentage of 54.5. It was found that gender and preferable place for sex education and source had a significant association with a P-value < 0.05. Parents and teachers agreed that the content of school sex education should include abstinence-only and it must be based on the principles of Islam only. Moreover, parents and teachers also said that the age for introduction time for school sex education should be between 12 and 15 years of age. Teacher teaching experiences and field of studies have a supportive idea about the starting of school sex education. Therefore, it is evident that there is support for sex education and future research is important for giving a more brief idea about perspectives from a bigger sample group.Item Knowledge, attitude and practice towards road traffic regulation among youth in Hulhumale’(Faculty of Health Sciences, 2016-06-01) Saeed, JaadhullaGlobally, 1.25 million people die every year due to road traffic accident. Road traffic accidents are the world leading cause of deaths among the youth and major public health problem in global. Major factors are speed, seat belt, road traffic sign and use of mobile phone while driving. These are the factors on which most countries have made regulation and these regulations were violated by the youth every day. Road traffic accident has increased 4.6 times from 2013 to 2015 and vehicles and population increasing dramatically. A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted to identify the knowledge, attitude and practice road traffic regulation among the youth age between 18-34 years of Hulhumale. Results: With 100 percent response, 98.9 percent participants knew the road traffic regulation. Questions about attitudes towards regulation were positive more than 80 percent. However, the 79.9 percent breach law, 60.7 percent drive vehicles without license, more than 85 percent drive more than the speed limit, 88% does not use zebra cross and 93.7 percent do not follow traffic sign. Conclusion: Majority has a positive and high degree of knowledge. Even though, the high negative behavior was found from the participants. In contrast, a large number of participants has breach law. Therefore, in the light of results it is important traffic controlling authority to strengthen the system.Item Factors affecting attitudes toward prenatal diagnosis and medical termination of pregnancy among beta thalassaemia carriers in SH. Bilehfahi(Faculty of Health Sciences, 2013-05-01) Azeez, Ishaam, AbdulA cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to reveal the attitude towards Prenatal Diagnosis (PND) and Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) among 18 to 25 years unmarried beta thalassaemia carriers in Sh. Bilehfahi, Maldives. A pre-structured questionnaire was used to interview 34 beta thalassaemia carriers in the island. Analysis was done to calculate the frequency and percentage of age, sex, relationship characteristics, family income, level of education and knowledge. Chi-square test was used to examine the association of these factors and attitudes toward PND and MTP. The result showed that 52.9 % of the carriers have negative attitudes toward PND and MTP. 44.1% of the carriers had adequate knowledge. The knowledge was found to be strongest predictor of attitudes toward PND and MTP when compared with other factors. Among the study participants those who have an adequate knowledge about PND and MTP; 80% of them were having a positive attitude while only 20% said they had a negative attitude. Among the people who do not have an adequate knowledge regarding PND and MTP; 78.94% have negative attitude while only 21.1% have a positive attitude. The knowledge had a significant association with attitudes toward PND and MTP (p-value = 0.001). It is recommended that knowledge has to be improved in order to develop a positive attitude toward PND and MTP among the beta thalassaemia carriers in the island. In addition, promotion of health education by providing appropriate information about PND and MTP is highly needed.Item Knowledge attitude and practice of road traffic regulation among villa international school students in Male’(Faculty of Health Sciences, 2015-11-01) Shabana, FathimathTitle: knowledge, attitude and practice of road traffic regulation among villa international high school student in Male’ Author: Fathimath Shabana Study Design: A community- based descriptive cross-sectional study done using both qualitative and quantitative data to find out the knowledge, attitude and practice of the student in villa international high school grade 11 and 12. Methods: Data was collected using an administered questioner which was issued to students. The descriptive and statistical analysis was done using SPSS. Result: From the total number of 136 students who were randomly selected majority of the students are at the age of 18 years. 56% of the students were studying in grade 12. Among them majority of the students are 46. 3 % travel as passengers. 94% of the participants know regulations and 64% recognize the road traffic regulation of Maldives, 97.1 % of the participant believes everyone should follow rules and regulation.87.5% of the participants follows the road sign and signals, 83.1% use zebra cross while crossing. However, 80.1% do not have driving license, 14% of the participants are driving without liquescence, and the participant’s actual driving speed v is more than 30 Km/hours. 98.5% participant saying they will not use helmet and, 84.6% of the participants saying they will not use seatbelt and 74.3% use phone while walking. Conclusion: The study participant had enough knowledge about road traffic regulation and most of them agreed people should follow all the regulations and laws. Majority of the participants believe vehicle roadworthiness is way of reducing accident and almost all the students strongly agreed obeying road traffic light and signals to reduce road traffic accidents. Most of the students do not have driving license.Item Sexual harassment in government offices a knowledge, attitude and practices survey of staff working in male’(Faculty of Health Sciences, 2016-06-01) Fathimath Fauza, Ibrahim; ފާތިމަތު ފައުޒާ އިބްރާހީމްTill now, there is no published study done in Maldives to assess directly about the current status of sexual harassment based on Maldivians. In this research I will look in to the knowledge, attitude and practices of sexual harassment therefore it is very important to know about the current situation in the Maldives. According to a news report in Haveeru Daily based on a survey conducted jointly by the Human Rights Commission and UNDP, publicized that almost one third of the female population in Maldives is victims of sexual harassment and that 26.7 percent of women in workplaces had been verbally abused also, 7.3 percent of women had been physically harassed in a sexual manner (Haveeru Online, 2006). This research is mainly focused on identifying the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards sexual harassment among the staff of government offices in Male‟.185 staff were selected randomly from 14 ministries as the sample from the target population. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 17.0 where the mean, mode, median, Standard deviation, frequencies and percentage analysis was done. The research was built with maintaining validity and reliability including pre-testing and clear ethical consideration. The whole research was based on Social Cognitive Theory in order to keep the focus of the research. The results of this study has shown that most of the staff of government Offices in Male‟ has high knowledge and negative attitude along with lack of appropriate behavior and practices towards sexual harassment among the staff. Finally it was found that sexual harassment could be stopped by having a good interaction within the colleagues in the organization, good rules and regulations in the organizations and implementing them also by respecting each other in the work environment and applying strict religious rules, and giving strict punishment for harassers.Item Knowledge and attitude toward hepatitis B infection among the students in faculty of education Male’ Maldives(Maldives National University, 2015-05-18) Hassan, FathaathA cross- sectional descriptive study was conducted to study about the knowledge and attitude towards hepatitis B infection amongst the students in the Maldives. A total of 120 students were randomly and systemically selected in the faculty of education age 20-39 years in Male’ City and interviewed by anonymous self-administered questionnaire during March to May 2015. An information letter was provided with the questionnaire and also written consent was taken from the students who have participated in the survey. Statistical descriptive analysis was used to find the knowledge and attitude among the students in faculty of education aged 20-39 years in Maldives. The result shows that majority of the students (73%) have heard about hepatitis B infection. Most of the students (28%) had heard about the disease from internet. Furthermore, majority of the students have knowledge about disease transmission, 55% of the students gave correct answered that disease can be transmitted by having personal contact. The study also show that majority of the students have less knowledge about the complication of the disease. Moreover, the study shows that students have positive attitude toward hepatitis b disease prevention. The results indicate that there is a gap in knowledge among the students about the disease transmission and complication also the prevention. To conclude health education and health promotion should be provided to the students to improve their knowledge about the disease and build their confidence to test and receive vaccination against hepatitis b infection.