MNU Dissertations - އެމް. އެން. ޔޫގެ ދަސްވެނީންގެ ޑިޒަރޓޭޝަންތައް
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Item Relationship between obesity and type of occupation among the civilservants of Male’ Maldives(Faculty of Health Sciences, 2016-11-13) Hamzath, MohamedBackground: According to WHO, more than 1 in 3 adults globally were overweight and more than 1 in 10 were obese in 2014. Obesity and overweight are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among many other diseases. Obesity and overweight has been noted as two of the most prevalent risk factors for NCDs in the Maldives. It has been established that sedentary lifestyles affects weight and waist circumference of people. Hence, the purpose of this study was to find the relationship between obesity and type of occupation among civil servants of Male’ Maldives. Method: This was a descriptive cross sectional study among two hundred and seventeen administrative officers, one hundred and one teachers and fifty one nurses from the civil servants of Male’. The dietary and physically active habitat at work and home were measured with the help of a self-administered questionnaire. Obesity (based on body mass index) and fat deposits (based on waist circumference (WC)) were defined using WHO criteria. Result: The results show that there was no significant relationship between obesity and occupations and neither with most of the explanatory variables selected for this study. Only 9 participants have more than 80 cm of waist circumference. And 5 participants have more than 30 units of BMI among the 92 participants. This study however, highlighted risk factors such as high carb diet, smoking, disease conditions and lack of exercise that could lead to obesity among civil servants and a slightly significant association between obesity and physical activity. Implications: Due to the small sample size, this study could not identify a relationship between the type of occupation and obesity. But notable number of participants had a waist circumference between 76-80cm, hence it is recommended to raise awareness especially for people working in deskbound jobs. Findings from this study points to the importance of designing work environments to avoid physical inactivity. High risk working populations and larger samples covering more categories of civil service employment beyond the civil service needs to be targeted in further studies. Future research needs to target.Item Knowledge and attitude toward hepatitis B infection among the students in faculty of education Male’ Maldives(Maldives National University, 2015-05-18) Hassan, FathaathA cross- sectional descriptive study was conducted to study about the knowledge and attitude towards hepatitis B infection amongst the students in the Maldives. A total of 120 students were randomly and systemically selected in the faculty of education age 20-39 years in Male’ City and interviewed by anonymous self-administered questionnaire during March to May 2015. An information letter was provided with the questionnaire and also written consent was taken from the students who have participated in the survey. Statistical descriptive analysis was used to find the knowledge and attitude among the students in faculty of education aged 20-39 years in Maldives. The result shows that majority of the students (73%) have heard about hepatitis B infection. Most of the students (28%) had heard about the disease from internet. Furthermore, majority of the students have knowledge about disease transmission, 55% of the students gave correct answered that disease can be transmitted by having personal contact. The study also show that majority of the students have less knowledge about the complication of the disease. Moreover, the study shows that students have positive attitude toward hepatitis b disease prevention. The results indicate that there is a gap in knowledge among the students about the disease transmission and complication also the prevention. To conclude health education and health promotion should be provided to the students to improve their knowledge about the disease and build their confidence to test and receive vaccination against hepatitis b infection.Item Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension and type 2 diabetes among adults of Baa.Kamadhoo.(Faculty of Health Sciences, 2016-11-01) Shereen, AminathThis is a cross sectional descriptive study, to identify the prevalence and risk factors of Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes among adults in Baa.Kamadhoo. A structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to identify the prevalence and risk factors of Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes among adults in Baa.Kamadhoo. The sample size of this study was 125 samples. For data analysis Microsoft excel and SPSS were used. Descriptive statistics, frequency and percentage, cross tabulation and Chi-square were used in analysis. All the participants in this study are aged 18 years and above. Most of the participants are aged between 18 to 34 years and most of the participants are working in tourism industry. The Chi-square test revealed that there is a significant association between Hypertension and age (p-value=0.001) and also a significant association was seen between Type 2 DM and age (p-value=0.02). Furthermore, this study has identified a significant association between HTN and exercise (p-value=0.04). The results of this study will be valuable for Kamadhoo Health Centre, Baa.Kamadhoo Council Idhaaraa and Baa Atoll Hospital to prevent the community of Baa.Kamadhoo from risk of Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes.Item Impact of out of pocket health expenditure on health status among diabetese patients in the Maldives.(Faculty of Health Sciences, 2016-11-01) Jameel, Aminath; އާމިނަތު ޖަމީލްDiabetes Mellitus (DM) is a one of the leading causes of mortality globally and nationally which has considerable impact on health expenditure and health status. The main purpose of this study was to identify the linkage between out of pocket expenditure and health status among DM patients in Maldives. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted, using 100 patients diagnosed with DM selected through systematic sampling. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect the data on socio-demographics, out of pocket expenditures, health status, comorbidities, and management of DM. Data was analyzed using excel spreadsheets, SPSS statistical software version 20 and the open source R software, version 3.1.0. This Study revealed that, OOPE is very low among Maldivian DM patients where majority of them preferred government health facilities for treatment. Health status of most of the DM patient were good whereby majority were mobile, able to self-care themselves, able to do usual activities and free from pain or discomfort and also free from anxiety or depression. Comorbidities common to Maldivians DM patients were HTN, CVD, kidney disease and Thyroid. Majority of the DM patient do not exercise or limit their diet to manage the disease. Instead majority depended on medications to manage their blood sugar. A significant relationship was found between out of pocket expenditure on travel and the ability to conduct usual activities and out of pocket expenditure on investigations and self-care level of the DM patient. Findings from this study present evidence on the need to create awareness among patients on the importance of adjusting diet, increasing exercise and limiting dependence on medicines. Preference of Maldivian DM patients to use public health facilities is an indication of affordability and trust in the public health system. However, low utilization of free health care provided by NGOs can be further researched.Item Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards consumption of fast food among fhs students of Maldives National University.(Faculty of Health Sciences, 2016-06-01) Adam, AminathEating healthy foods and living in a healthy life is one of the essential requirements for having long life expectancy. However, people are consuming fast foods with lots of calories but with little nutritional value that leads to chronic diseases like (NCDs) which was the major causes of morbidity and mortality in Maldives. This cross sectional descriptive study was carried out to identify knowledge, attitude and practices towards consumption of fast food among health background students of Maldives National University in May 2016. Among 100 participants who participated in the study, it has found that majority of participants were aware about the risks causes due to consumption of fast food. 45% of the participants have strongly agreed that fast food can causes NCDs and other diseases. Even though, participants have knowledge about the risk of consuming fast food, there were about 28% of participants who consume fast food every day while, 40% of the participants consume fast food weekly. Consumption of fast food among participants increases due to their lifestyle. As there 54% of the participants who agree that they prefer fast food when they want to become socialize with friends and family. In addition, 59% of the participants have strongly believed taste of the fast food makes to consume more fast food. Therefore, it can be said that the students have knowledge about risk factors of fast food consumption however; the attitudes and practices of students should be changed. Hence, the community should work on the policy of providing healthy meals conveniently at lower cost. Also the university should work on creating awareness among students to minimize intake of fast food and increase level of healthy foods to be consumedItem Knowledge and attitude on drug abuse among age group of 15 to 45 in capital city of Maldives.(Faculty of Health Sciences, 2014-11-30) Noora, Aishath; އައިޝަތު ނޫރާDrug abuse executes around 200,000 individuals worldwide every year, as per another United Nations (UN) report. Worldwide treatment for drug abuse would cost $250 billion every year if everybody who required help got legitimate consideration, as per the UN. This research is a descriptive cross sectional study. Total of 208 participated in this research and it was randomly collected from Male’ City. Duration for this study was from August to November which is 3 months period. According to the first drug survey done in Maldives, it shows that the present drug use prevalence, including the use of alcohol, in the capital city Male' is 6.64 for every cent. Altogether, there are an expected 7,500 drug users in the Maldives. The greater part of drug users are youngsters in the 15-24 age. Data was collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version of 20.0. This study will be valuable in light of the fact that up to today Maldives is challenging this particularly for the adolescents in the community in the Maldives. The result of this study has shown that majority (90.4%) of the participants are well aware of the drugs and (87.3%) knows the different types of drugs and (77%) agreed that peer pressure was the main reasons for abusing drugs. By this research it was found that this matter can be minimized by giving awareness to the public and other related organizations and by implementing strong laws and policies towards drug abuse.Item Knowledge, attitude and practices of teachers regarding disability among students in 10 government schools of Male’.(Faculty of Health Sciences, 2014-11-30) Shaukath, Aishath MohamedIn January 2013, a circular was sent to all schools in Maldives regarding introduction of inclusive education in mainstream schools to allow different types of disabled children to be enrolled in these schools. This study investigates the knowledge, attitude and practices of regular classroom teachers towards students with disability compared with the teachers teaching in Jamaaluhdheen and Imaadhudheen School. The study is conducted using a survey questionnaire among 84 teachers of 10 government schools in Male‟. The data is analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. According to the study, all the participants had an acceptable level of knowledge regarding disability in children. Moreover, the control group has expressed positive attitude towards including disabled children in main stream classes and involving them in all the curricular and extra-curricular activities while the case group had negative attitude towards involving disabled children in the normal classes. From this study it was identified that teachers do not believe they have the proper skills to teach students with disability. Therefore, it is very important to increase teachers knowledge and skills by providing more workshops and training programs.Item Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding the rational use of medicines in H Dh Vaikaradhoo, Maldives(Faculty of Health Sciences, 2014-06-30) Asfaan, AdamIrrational use of medicines is a harmful and wasteful global health problem. In order to overcome from the problem, it is very important to know the community’s knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding the rational use of medicines. There was no study conducted a KAP survey regarding the rational use of medicines in anywhere of the Maldives. The purpose of this study is to obtain the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding the rational use of medicines in HDh Vaikaradhoo. A survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the 104 households of Vaikaradhoo by using selfdeveloped pretested questionnaire. The results of the study were expressed as counts and percentages. Most of the respondents were aware about the expiry dates of medicines (83.7%) and importance of compliance of medicines, same generic content of medicine is available under different names, that medicine is needed for every illness (65.4%), that costlier medicines are better than cheaper medicines (71.2%), 38.5% of respondents seek advice to take medicines after doctor consultation. 63.5% of respondents to take missed dose once they remember, 73.1% of respondents used to throw the left-over medicines, and 67.3% of the respondents dispose both expired and non-expired medicines, 48.1% of medicines that stored in households of Vaikaradhoo were stored in Cupboard/Drawer. In conclusion, although the majority of the surveyed respondents had adequate knowledge, positive attitude and practice, there are some respondents who were unaware about the rational medicines use; they need to be educated by adopting suitable interventions.Item Examinining the association between parental smoking and adolescent smoking(Faculty of Health Sciences, 2013-05-30) Ali, Abdul HameedSmoking is the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in the World. The vast majority of smokers initiates smoking before the age of 18. Several researches suggest that parental smoking is a significant predictor of adolescent smoking. This study examines the association between parental smoking and adolescent smoking and adolescent attitudes toward smoking. Data was collected from an adolescent population of L. Gan, L. Maamendhoo and L. Maavah by using self-administered anonymous questionnaire. The questionnaire was piloted and a sample of 100 was selected. The result of research showed that 38% of participants had tried smoking and from this 55.3% were known as current smokers. 14 years old was the most frequent age of initiation. And furthermore, it was shown that 37% of adolescent’s farther’s smoked, 1% of mother’s smoke, both parents smoke 15%, and 47% of adolescent’s parents were not smoking. From ever tried category, 73.7% were become a current smokers and 26.3% were quitted smoking. It was found that more than 50% of the adolescent began to smoke as an experience. Among current smokers. 57.1% could not quit smoking because of the addictive feeling; remaining 42.9% were due to habit. Most of the adolescents quitted smoking by knowing the health impact of smoking. Parent was known as second cause. The result of the research concluded that Parental smoking had (p<0.001) association between adolescent smoking. It was found that single parental smoking increases the risk of adolescent smoking by 11 times and both parents by 150 times as it compared to neither parents smoke. And adolescents with both parents smoking have highest proportion of positive attitudes toward smoking. In the meantime participants without smoking parents have less positive attitude and highest negative attitudes toward smoking.Item ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޕްރީސުކޫލުތަކުގެ ބައިލިންގުއަލް ދަރިވަރުން ބަސްކޮށާރު ބޭނުންކުރުމުގައި އިސްކަންދޭ ބަސް(Maldives National University, 2015-11-01) Ahmed, Zeenath; ޒީނަތު އަޙްމަދުމިދިރާސާއަކީ ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ÷ޕްރީސުކޫލުގެ ދަރިވަރުން ހަށިގަނޑުގެ ގުނަވަންތަކުގެ ނަންތައް ބުނެދިނުމުގައި އިސްކަންދެނީ ކޮންބަހަކަށްތޯ އަދި ބެލެނިވެރިންނާއި މުދަރިސުން ބޭނުންކުރާ ބަސް ބޭނުންކުރުމަށް ދަރިވަރުން ބާރުއަޅާތޯ ބެލުމަށް އެ މަޤްޞަދުގައި ކުރެވިފައިވާ ދިރާސާއެކެވެ. މި ދިރާސާއަކީ ކުއަންޓިޓޭޓިވް އެ÷ޕްރޯޗްގެ ދަށުން ޑިސްކްރިޕްޓިވް ޑިޒައިން ބޭނުންކޮށްގެން ހަދާފައިވާ ދިރާސާއެކެވެ. ދިރާސާއަށް ޑާޓާ ނަގާފައިވަނީ ޕޮރޮބަބިލިޓީ ސާންޕަލްގެ އުޞޫލުނަނެވެ. މިދިރާސާގެ ޓާރގެޓް ޕޮޕިއުލޭޝަން އަކީ މާލޭގެ 4 ޕްރީސުކޫލެއްގެ ޔޫ.ކޭ.ޖީގެ 43 ކުލާހެއްގެ 1030 ދަރިވަރުންނެވެ. އެސުކޫލުތަކުގެ ޔޫ.ކޭ.ޖީ ކުލާސްތަކުގެ ތެރެއިން ކޮންމެ ސުކޫލަކުން ރެންޑަމްކޮށް ހޮވި އެއް ކުލާހުގެ ހުރިހާ ކުދިންނަކީ މިދިރާސާހެދުމުގައި ބައިވެރިކުރި ބައިވެރިންނެވެ. އެގޮތުން 4 ސުކޫލުން މުޅިއެކު 4 ކުލާސް މިދިރާސާގައި ބައިވެރިކުރެވުނެވެ. އެއީ ޖުމުލަ 111 ދަރިވަރުންނެވެ. އަދި އެސަތޭކަ އެގާރަ ކުދިންގެ ބެލެނެވެރިންގެ ތެރެއިން ކޮންމެ ކުއްޖެއްގެވެސް އެއް ބެލެނިވެރިޔެކެވެ. މުޅި ޖުމުލަ 111 ބެލެނިވެރިންނެވެ. އަދި އެ ހަތަރު ކުލާހުގެ 4 މުދައްރިސުންނެވެ. ވީމާ މުޅި މި ދިރާސާގައި ހިމެނޭނީ 226 ބައިވެރިންނެވެ. މިދިރާސާއަށް މައުލޫމާތު އެއްކުރި ތިން މެތަޑެއް ބޭނުންކޮށްގެންނެވެ. އެއީ ދަރިވަރުންނަށް ހަށިގަނޑުގެ ގުނަވަންތަކުގެ ނަންތައް އެނގޭތޯ ބެލުމަށް ތަސްވީރު ދައްކައިގެން އަނގަބަހުން ސުވާލުކޮށްގެން ދެވުނު ޓެސްޓަކުންނާއި ސާނަޕަލްއަށް ނަގާ 111 ކުދިން ހިމެނޭ 4 ކުލާހުގެ މުދަރިސުންގެ އެއް ގަޑި އޮބްޒާރވް ކޮށްގެންނާއި، ޓެސްޓްކުރެވުނު ކޮންމެ ދަރިވަރެއްގެ އެއް ބެލެނިވެރިޔަކު ލައްވައި ސާރވޭފޯރމެއް ފުރުވައިގެންނެވެ. މިދިރާސާގެ ޑާޓާތައް އެނަލައިޒްކޮށްފައިވަނީ SPSS ޕޮރޮގުރާމްގެ އެހީގައެވެ. އެގޮތުން މި ޕޮރޮގުރާމް ބޭނުންކޮށްގެންނެވެ. ޓެސްޓުގެ ކޮންމެ ސުވާލެއްގެވެސް ޑިސްކްރިޕްޓިވް އާއި ފްރިކުއެންސީ SPSS ހޯދައި ހުށައަޅާފައިވާނެއެވެ. ދިރާސާގައި އެއްކުރެވުނު މައުލޫމާތުތަކުގެ އިންފަރެންޝަލް ސްޓެޓިސްޓިކްސް ހަދައި ދިރާސާގެ ހައިޕޮތެތިސް ޓެސްޓުކޮށްފައިވާނެއެވެ. އެގޮތުން ދިރާސާއަށް މައުލޫމާތު އެއްކުރެވުނު ތިން ގޮތް ކަމުގައިވާ ސާރވޭއާއި ޓެސްޓާއި އޮބްޒަރވޭޝަން މައުލޫމާތުތަކުގެ ތެރެއިން ޓެސްޓާއި އޮބްޒަރވޭޝަންގެ މައުލޫމާތުތައް ބޭނުންކޮށްގެން ޕިއަރސަން ކޯރިލޭޝަން ޓެސްޓެއް ހެދުނެވެ. އަދި ސާރވޭފޯރމުން ލިބުނު މައުލޫމާތާއި ދަރިވަރުންގެ ޓެސްޓުގެ މައުލޫމާތުތައް ބޭނުންކޮށްގެން ރިޤްރެޝަން ޓެސްޓެއް ހަދާފައިވާނެއެވެ. މިދިރިސާއިން ހާމަވާގޮތުގައި ޕްރީސުކޫލްދަރިވަރުން ހަށިގަނޑުގެ ގުނަވަންތަކުގެ ނަން ކިޔުމުގައި އިނގިރޭސިބަހަށް އިސްކަންދެއެވެ. ދިވެހިބަހުން ގުނަވަންތަކުގެ ނަންތައް ދިވެހިބަހުން ބުނެދޭންވެސް ނޭނގެއެވެ. އަދި އިނގިރޭސިބަހުންވެސް އަދި ދިވެހިބަހުންވެސް ބައެއް ގުނަވަންތަކުގެ ނަންތައް ބުނެދޭންވެސް ނޭނގޭ މަދު ދަރިވަރުންތަކެއްވެސް ތިއްބެވެ. މީގެ އިތުރަށް ފާހަގަކުރެވުނީ މިދައްރިސުން ބޭނުންކުރާ ބަހާ ދަރިވަރުން ބޭނުންކުރާ ބަހުގައި ޕޮޒިޓިވް ގުޅުމެއް ހުންނަކަމެވެ. ނަމަވެސް ބެލެނިވެރީން ބޭނުންކުރާ ބަހުން ދަރިވަރުންނަށް މާ ބޮޑު އަސަރެއް ނުފޫޒެއް ނުފޯރާކަމުގައެވެ.